Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics-Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Aug 6;24(15):12503. doi: 10.3390/ijms241512503.
Widely used agrochemicals that do not exert negative effects on crops and selectively target weeds could influence plant resilience under unfavorable conditions. The cross-adaptation of wheat ( L.) and triticale (× Wittm.) exposed to two environmental abiotic stressors (drought and waterlogging) was evaluated after treatment with a selective herbicide (Serrate, Syngenta). The ambivalent effects of the herbicide on the two studied crops were particularly distinct in waterlogged plants, showing a significant reduction in wheat growth and better performance of triticale individuals exposed to the same combined treatment. Histochemical staining for the detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) confirmed that the herbicide treatment increased the accumulation of superoxide anion in the flooded wheat plants, and this effect persisted in the younger leaves of the recovered individuals. Comparative transcript profiling of ROS scavenging enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalase) in stressed and recovered plants revealed crop-specific variations resulting from the unfavorable water regimes in combination with the herbicide treatment. Short-term dehydration was relatively well tolerated by the hybrid crop triticale and this aligned with the considerable upregulation of genes for L-Proline biosynthesis. Its drought resilience was diminished by herbicide application, as evidenced by increased ROS accumulation after prolonged water deprivation.
广泛使用的农用化学品不会对作物产生负面影响，而是有选择地针对杂草，这可能会影响植物在不利条件下的恢复力。在使用选择性除草剂（Serrate，先正达）处理后，评估了暴露于两种环境非生物胁迫（干旱和水涝）下的小麦（L.）和黑小麦（× Wittm.）的交叉适应。除草剂对两种研究作物的双重影响在水涝植物中尤为明显，表明水涝处理的小麦生长显著减少，而暴露于相同联合处理的黑小麦个体表现更好。用于检测活性氧（ROS）的组织化学染色证实，除草剂处理增加了水淹小麦植物中超氧阴离子的积累，并且这种效应在恢复个体的较年轻叶片中持续存在。受胁迫和恢复植物中 ROS 清除酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶和过氧化氢酶）的比较转录谱分析表明，由于不利的水培制度与除草剂处理相结合，导致作物特异性发生变化。杂种作物黑小麦相对较好地耐受短期脱水，这与 L-脯氨酸生物合成基因的大量上调相一致。由于长期缺水后 ROS 积累增加，除草剂的应用降低了其耐旱性。
