Katerova Zornitsa, Todorova Dessislava, Shopova Elena, Brankova Liliana, Dimitrova Ljudmila, Petrakova Margarita, Sergiev Iskren
Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad G. Bonchev Str., Bl. 21, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jul 28;12(15):2803. doi: 10.3390/plants12152803.
Waterlogging and drought disrupt crop development and productivity. Triticale is known to be relatively tolerant to different stress factors. In natural conditions, plants are rather subjected to multiple environmental factors. Serrate (Syngenta) is a systemic selective herbicide suitable for cereal crops such as triticale and wheat to restrain annual grass and broadleaf weeds. Triticale (× Wittm., cv. Rozhen) was grown as soil culture under controlled conditions. Seventeen-day-old plantlets were leaf sprayed with Serrate. The water stress (drought or waterlogging) was applied after 72 h for 7 days, and then the seedlings were left for recovery. The herbicide does not provoke sharp alterations in the antioxidant state (stress markers level, and antioxidant and xenobiotic-detoxifying enzymes activity). The water stresses and combined treatments enhanced significantly the content of stress markers (malondialdehyde, proline, hydrogen peroxide), non-enzymatic (total phenolics and thiol groups-containing compounds), and enzymatic (activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase) antioxidants, and xenobiotic-detoxifying enzymes (activities of glutathione S-transferase, NADPH:cytochrome P450 reductase, NADH:cytochrome reductase). These effects were more severely expressed after the drought stress, suggesting that this cultivar is more tolerant to waterlogging than to drought stress.
涝害和干旱会扰乱作物生长发育并降低生产力。已知小黑麦对不同胁迫因素具有相对耐受性。在自然条件下，植物往往会受到多种环境因素的影响。“锯齿”（先正达公司生产）是一种内吸性选择性除草剂，适用于小黑麦和小麦等谷类作物，可抑制一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草。小黑麦（×Wittm.，品种Rozhen）在可控条件下进行土培种植。对17日龄的幼苗进行“锯齿”叶面喷施。72小时后施加7天的水分胁迫（干旱或涝害），然后让幼苗恢复生长。该除草剂不会引起抗氧化状态（胁迫标志物水平、抗氧化剂和外源解毒酶活性）的剧烈变化。水分胁迫及联合处理显著提高了胁迫标志物（丙二醛、脯氨酸、过氧化氢）、非酶抗氧化剂（总酚类和含硫醇基团的化合物）、酶促抗氧化剂（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、愈创木酚过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶的活性）以及外源解毒酶（谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、NADPH：细胞色素P450还原酶、NADH：细胞色素还原酶的活性）的含量。干旱胁迫后的这些影响表现得更为严重，这表明该品种对涝害的耐受性强于干旱胁迫。
