Evangelista Patrícia Alexandre, Lourenço Felipe Machado de Oliveira, Chakma Darmin, Shaha Chironjit Kumar, Konate Almamy, Pimpinato Rodrigo Floriano, Louvandini Helder, Tornisielo Valdemar Luiz
Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba 13416-000, Brazil.
Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jul 30;13(15):2464. doi: 10.3390/ani13152464.
Antibiotics are present in the environment, primarily due to their release through wastewater treatment plants, agricultural practices, and improper disposal of unused medications. In the environment, these drugs can be bioaccumulated by organisms and transferred along the food chain. This is a problem when considering the consumption of fish meat. In the United States, legislation stipulates that the maximum residue limit for sulfadiazine (SDZ) should not exceed 100 μg kg. Lambari fishes have potential economic importance in aquaculture, as they are relatively easy to breed and can be raised in small-scale operations. Finally, studying the biology and ecology of lambari could provide valuable information about freshwater ecosystems and their inhabitants. The current work aimed to measure the bioaccumulation and depletion of the antibiotic SDZ C in lambari (). For this purpose, the tests were divided into two stages; seven days of exposure and seven days of depletion, where one fish was randomly selected and sampled every day. In the exposure phase, the fish were fed the medicated feed three times a day at a concentration of 2.5 mg·g. The control fish were fed uncontaminated feed. For the depletion phase, the remaining lambari were transferred to clean tanks and fed uncontaminated feed three times a day. The fish samples were burned in the Oxidizer and the reading of radioactivity was performed in a liquid scintillation spectrometer. It is worth noting that on day 7 and day 14, the water in the aquariums was filtered through filter paper to collect the metabolic excrement. SDZ concentrations increased over the days and accumulation occurred in the fish, with day seven presenting the maximum accumulation value of 91.7 ng·g due to feeding uptake. After the depletion phase on day 13, the value found was 0.83 ng·g. The bioconcentration factor calculated was 20 L·kg. After the bioaccumulation period, the concentrations of SDZ in the water and excreta were 4.5 µg·L and 363.5 ng·g, respectively. In the depletion period, the concentrations in the water and excreta were 0.01 µg·L and 5.96 ng·g, respectively. These results imply that there was little SDZ bioaccumulation in the fish, but that it was distributed in larger amounts in the water. This is due to the physicochemical properties of the molecule with the low Log P value. Regarding the maximum residue limit, the value was below the established value. This study contributes to understanding SDZ dynamics in an aquatic species native to Brazil.
抗生素存在于环境中，主要是由于它们通过污水处理厂、农业活动以及未使用药物的不当处置而释放。在环境中，这些药物可被生物体生物累积并沿食物链转移。考虑到鱼肉的消费时，这就是一个问题。在美国，立法规定磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）的最大残留限量不应超过100μg/kg。兰巴里鱼在水产养殖中具有潜在的经济重要性，因为它们相对容易繁殖且可在小规模养殖中饲养。最后，研究兰巴里鱼的生物学和生态学可为淡水生态系统及其生物提供有价值的信息。当前的工作旨在测量兰巴里鱼（）中抗生素SDZ C的生物累积和消除情况。为此，试验分为两个阶段；七天的暴露期和七天的消除期，每天随机选择一条鱼进行采样。在暴露阶段，每天给鱼投喂三次含药饲料，浓度为2.5mg·g。对照鱼投喂未受污染的饲料。在消除阶段，将剩余的兰巴里鱼转移到清洁的水箱中，每天投喂三次未受污染的饲料。鱼样本在氧化器中燃烧，并在液体闪烁光谱仪中进行放射性读数。值得注意的是，在第7天和第14天，水族箱中的水通过滤纸过滤以收集代谢排泄物。SDZ浓度随天数增加，鱼体内发生累积，由于摄食吸收，第7天呈现最大累积值91.7ng·g。在第13天的消除阶段后，测得的值为0.83ng·g。计算得出的生物浓缩系数为20L·kg。生物累积期后，水中和排泄物中SDZ的浓度分别为4.5μg·L和363.5ng·g。在消除期，水中和排泄物中的浓度分别为0.01μg·L和5.96ng·g。这些结果表明，鱼体内SDZ的生物累积很少，但在水中分布较多。这是由于该分子的物理化学性质以及低Log P值所致。关于最大残留限量，该值低于规定值。本研究有助于了解巴西本土水生物种中SDZ的动态。
