Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jan 15;752:141882. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141882. Epub 2020 Aug 21.
Antibiotic residues in mariculture environments have been detected globally, while little information is available about their dynamic levels, source, behavior, and fate during the whole culture process. In this study, the dynamic occurrence, bioaccumulation, source, fate, and human dietary risk of 19 antibiotics were investigated in different breeding stages of mariculture ponds near the Maowei Sea, South China. Fourteen antibiotics, including three sulfonamides (SAs), five fluoroquinolones (FQs), three macrolides (MLs), and two chloramphenicols (CAPs), were detected in the mariculture ponds, with FQs being the most abundant antibiotics. Significant variations of antibiotic concentration occurred during the whole culture process. Severe weather, especially typhoons and rainstorms, resulted in the average highest levels of ∑antibiotics (mean: 567 ng L) in mariculture ponds. The source apportionment estimated for the mariculture ponds showed that direct application was the primary source of antibiotics (91.2%). The antibiotics in mariculture ponds were mainly discharged through aquaculture wastewater (65.8%) and settling particles (33.8%). The estimated annual input of antibiotics into the Maowei Sea was 2.24 times higher through the two main rivers (48.0 kg a) than through the mariculture wastewater (24.1 kg a). The apparent bioaccumulation factors (ABAFs) confirmed that young and adult tilapia accumulated more sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and norfloxacin (NOX), respectively. The result from the estimated daily intakes suggested that the antibiotics in the seafood could not pose a risk to human health by dietary exposure assessment. CAPSULE: Big variation of antibiotic concentration occurred during the whole culture process in the mariculture farms, and the storm increased antibiotic application.
养殖环境中的抗生素残留已在全球范围内被检出，但关于其在整个养殖过程中的动态水平、来源、行为和归宿，信息却十分有限。本研究调查了中国南海涠洲岛附近养殖池塘不同养殖阶段抗生素的动态发生、生物累积、来源、归宿和人类膳食风险。在养殖池塘中检测到了 14 种抗生素，包括 3 种磺胺类（SAs）、5 种氟喹诺酮类（FQs）、3 种大环内酯类（MLs）和 2 种氯霉素类（CAPs），其中 FQs 是最丰富的抗生素。在整个养殖过程中，抗生素浓度发生了显著变化。恶劣天气，尤其是台风和暴雨，导致养殖池塘中抗生素的平均最高浓度（平均值：567ng/L）。对养殖池塘的源解析表明，直接施药是抗生素的主要来源（91.2%）。养殖池塘中的抗生素主要通过养殖废水（65.8%）和沉降颗粒（33.8%）排放。通过两条主要河流（48.0kg/a）进入涠洲岛海域的抗生素年输入量估计比通过养殖废水（24.1kg/a）高 2.24 倍。表观生物积累因子（ABAFs）证实，幼鱼和成鱼分别积累了更多的磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）和诺氟沙星（NOX）。通过估计每日摄入量得出的结果表明，通过膳食暴露评估，海鲜中的抗生素不会对人体健康构成风险。
