Turco Alessio, Albano Antonella, Medagli Pietro, Wagensommer Robert Philipp, D'Emerico Saverio
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of the Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Faculty of Education, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39042 Brixen-Bressanone, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jul 28;12(15):2798. doi: 10.3390/plants12152798.
This article provides a summary of the current knowledge on the cytogenetics of four genera, which are all composed of 36 chromosomes, within the Orchidinae subtribe (Orchidaceae). Previous classical studies have revealed differences in karyomorphology among these genera, indicating genomic diversity. The current study includes an analysis of the current knowledge with an update of the karyotype of 47 species with 36 chromosomes from the genera , , , and The study discusses comparisons of karyotypes among these genera that used traditional techniques as well as karyotype asymmetry relationships with various asymmetry indices. Additionally, the study reports new findings on polyploidy in and , which were observed through karyotype and meiotic metaphase analyses in EMC. Moreover, the study detected B chromosomes for the first time in and . The article also describes the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization in some specimens of and to locate different sites of the 18S-5.8S-25S rDNA and 5S rDNA ribosomal complexes on chromosomes. The information derived from these cytogenetic analyses was used to refine the classification of these orchids and identify evolutionary relationships among different species and genera.
本文总结了关于兰科红门兰亚族中四个属细胞遗传学的现有知识，这四个属均由36条染色体组成。先前的经典研究揭示了这些属之间核型形态的差异，表明基因组具有多样性。当前的研究包括对现有知识的分析，并更新了来自[属名1]、[属名2]、[属名3]和[属名4]的47种具有36条染色体物种的核型。该研究讨论了使用传统技术对这些属之间核型的比较，以及与各种不对称指数的核型不对称关系。此外，该研究报告了通过EMC中的核型和减数分裂中期分析在[属名1]和[属名2]中观察到的多倍体新发现。此外，该研究首次在[属名3]和[属名4]中检测到B染色体。本文还描述了在[属名1]和[属名2]的一些标本中使用荧光原位杂交来定位18S - 5.8S - 25S rDNA和5S rDNA核糖体复合体在染色体上的不同位点。从这些细胞遗传学分析中获得的信息被用于完善这些兰花的分类，并确定不同物种和属之间的进化关系。
