School of Engineering, Chukyo University, Toyota 470-0393, Japan.
School of Computer Science, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji 192-0982, Japan.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 Jul 26;23(15):6698. doi: 10.3390/s23156698.
In golf swing analysis, high-speed cameras and Trackman devices are traditionally used to collect data about the club, ball, and putt. However, these tools are costly and often inaccessible to golfers. This research proposes an alternative solution, employing an affordable inertial motion capture system to record golf swing movements accurately. The focus is discerning the differences between motions producing straight and slice trajectories. Commonly, the opening motion of the body's left half and the head-up motion are associated with a slice trajectory. We employ the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) to examine these motions in detail to conduct a biomechanical analysis. The gathered data are then processed through HHT, calculating their instantaneous frequency and amplitude. The research found discernible differences between straight and slice trajectories in the golf swing's moment of impact within the instantaneous frequency domain. An average golfer, a single handicapper, and three beginner golfers were selected as the subjects in this study and analyzed using the proposed method, respectively. For the average golfer, the head and the left leg amplitudes of the swing motions increase at the moment of impact of the swings, resulting in the slice trajectory. These results indicate that an opening of the legs and head-up movements have been detected and extracted as non-linear frequency components, reviewing the biomechanical meaning in slice trajectory motion. For the single handicapper, the hip and left arm joints could be the target joints to detect the biomechanical motion that triggered the slice trajectory. For the beginners, since their golf swing forms were not finalized, the biomechanical motions regarding slice trajectory were different from each swing, indicating that beginner golfers need more practice to fix their golf swing form first. These results revealed that our proposed framework applied to different golf levels and could help golfers to improve their golf swing skills to achieve straight trajectories.
在高尔夫挥杆分析中，传统上使用高速摄像机和 Trackman 设备来收集有关球杆、球和推杆的信息。然而，这些工具成本高昂，且通常高尔夫球手无法获得。本研究提出了一种替代解决方案，使用经济实惠的惯性运动捕捉系统来准确记录高尔夫挥杆动作。重点是辨别产生直球和侧旋球轨迹的动作差异。通常，身体左半部分的开口动作和抬头动作与侧旋球轨迹有关。我们使用希尔伯特-黄变换（HHT）来详细检查这些动作，以进行生物力学分析。然后，通过 HHT 处理收集到的数据，计算它们的瞬时频率和幅度。研究发现，在高尔夫挥杆的撞击瞬间，在瞬时频率域中，可以明显区分直球和侧旋球轨迹之间的差异。选择一名普通高尔夫球手、一名单差点球手和三名初学者作为本研究的受试者，并分别使用提出的方法进行分析。对于普通高尔夫球手，挥杆动作的头部和左腿振幅在挥杆撞击瞬间增加，导致侧旋球轨迹。这些结果表明，腿部和头部的张开运动已经被检测到，并作为非线性频率分量提取出来，回顾了侧旋球轨迹运动中的生物力学意义。对于单差点球手，髋关节和左臂关节可能是检测触发侧旋球轨迹的生物力学运动的目标关节。对于初学者，由于他们的高尔夫挥杆姿势尚未确定，侧旋球轨迹的生物力学动作与每次挥杆都不同，这表明初学者需要更多的练习来首先固定他们的高尔夫挥杆姿势。这些结果表明，我们提出的框架适用于不同的高尔夫水平，可以帮助高尔夫球手提高他们的高尔夫挥杆技能，以实现直球轨迹。
