Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratory of Respiratory Viruses and Measles National Influenza Centre, Americas Regional Reference Lab for Measles and Rubella, Reference Laboratory for COVID-19 World Health Organization, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
J Infect Dis. 2023 Dec 20;228(12):1680-1689. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiad336.
This was a household-based prospective cohort study conducted in Rio de Janeiro, in which people with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their household contacts were followed from April 2020 through June 2022. Ninety-eight reinfections were identified, with 71 (72.5%) confirmed by genomic analyses and lineage definition in both infections. During the pre-Omicron period, 1 dose of any COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a reduced risk of reinfection, but during the Omicron period not even booster vaccines had this effect. Most reinfections were asymptomatic or milder in comparison with primary infections, a justification for continuing active surveillance to detect infections in vaccinated individuals. Our findings demonstrated that vaccination may not prevent infection or reinfection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). Therefore we highlight the need to continuously update the antigenic target of SARS CoV-2 vaccines and administer booster doses to the population regularly, a strategy well established in the development of vaccines for influenza immunization programs.
这是一项基于家庭的前瞻性队列研究，在巴西里约热内卢进行，其中对 2020 年 4 月至 2022 年 6 月期间实验室确诊的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）患者及其家庭接触者进行了随访。共发现 98 例再感染病例，其中 71 例（72.5%）通过两次感染的基因组分析和谱系定义得到确认。在奥密克戎出现之前，接种任何一剂 COVID-19 疫苗都与降低再感染风险有关，但在奥密克戎时期，甚至加强针也没有这种效果。与初次感染相比，大多数再感染症状较轻或无症状，这证明了继续进行主动监测以检测已接种疫苗者感染的合理性。我们的研究结果表明，疫苗接种可能无法预防严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的感染或再感染。因此，我们强调需要不断更新 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗的抗原靶标，并定期为人群接种加强针，这是流感免疫计划疫苗开发中确立的策略。
