Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2023 Oct;82:102663. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102663. Epub 2023 Aug 10.
The mTOR signaling pathway is essential for regulating cell growth and mammalian metabolism. The mTOR kinase forms two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which respond to external stimuli and regulate differential downstream targets. Cellular membrane-associated translocation mediates function and assembly of the mTOR complexes, and recent structural studies have begun uncovering the molecular basis by which the mTOR pathway (1) regulates signaling inputs, (2) recruits substrates, (3) localizes to biological membranes, and (4) becomes activated. Moreover, indications of dysregulated mTOR signaling are implicated in a wide range of diseases and an increasingly comprehensive understanding of structural mechanisms is driving novel translational development.
mTOR 信号通路对于调节细胞生长和哺乳动物代谢至关重要。mTOR 激酶形成两个复合物，mTORC1 和 mTORC2，它们对外界刺激做出反应并调节不同的下游靶标。细胞膜相关易位介导 mTOR 复合物的功能和组装，最近的结构研究开始揭示 mTOR 途径（1）调节信号输入，（2）募集底物，（3）定位于生物膜，和（4）被激活的分子基础。此外，mTOR 信号失调的迹象与广泛的疾病有关，对结构机制的理解日益全面，推动了新的转化发展。
