神经内分泌对饥饿的适应。
Neuroendocrine adaptations to starvation.
机构信息
Neuroendocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Center for Human Integrative Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
Neuroendocrinology Unit, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2023 Nov;157:106365. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106365. Epub 2023 Aug 10.
Famine and starvation have punctuated the evolutionary past of the human species. As such, we have developed hormonal responses to undernutrition that minimize energy expenditure on processes that are not critical for the survival of the individual, such as reproduction. In this review, we discuss neuroendocrine adaptations to starvation including hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, growth hormone resistance, hypercortisolemia, and the downregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. We review the time-course of these adaptations by describing studies involving the short-term fasting of healthy individuals as well as studies describing the hormonal changes in states of chronic undernutrition, using individuals with anorexia nervosa as a model of chronic starvation. Lastly, we review representative clinical effects of chronic undernutrition.
饥荒和饥饿是人类进化史上的常客。因此，我们已经发展出了对营养不良的激素反应，以最小化对个体生存不重要的过程（如繁殖）的能量消耗。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了对饥饿的神经内分泌适应，包括促性腺激素低下性性腺功能减退症、生长激素抵抗、皮质醇过多和下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴的下调。我们通过描述健康个体的短期禁食研究以及描述神经性厌食症患者慢性饥饿状态下激素变化的研究，来描述这些适应的时间过程，将神经性厌食症患者作为慢性饥饿的模型。最后，我们回顾了慢性营养不良的代表性临床影响。
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