Noble J, Turner P G
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1986 Sep(210):62-8.
The menisci are vital for normal function of the knee joint and appear to protect the articular surfaces. Meniscal tears are very common, although often they may be asymptomatic. The diagnosis of tears on clinical grounds alone is unreliable, but the advent of arthrography and arthroscopy has made assessment much more accurate. Care should be taken in the ascription of symptoms to minor tears so discovered. The traditional view that meniscal tears cause osteoarthritis is hard to substantiate, and torn menisci may coexist with articular cartilage in excellent condition, whereas grossly degenerate joints may contain amazingly normal menisci. Total meniscectomy is followed by abnormal stress transfer across the joint, and ultimately degenerative changes frequently occur. Partial meniscectomy will relieve mechanical symptoms while preserving a rim capable of some function. Arthroscopic meniscectomy gives excellent results rapidly and is very efficient for both the patient and the surgeon.
半月板对膝关节的正常功能至关重要，似乎能保护关节面。半月板撕裂非常常见，尽管通常可能无症状。仅基于临床依据诊断撕裂并不可靠，但关节造影和关节镜检查的出现使评估更加准确。对于如此发现的小撕裂，在将症状归因于此方面应谨慎。半月板撕裂导致骨关节炎的传统观点很难得到证实，撕裂的半月板可能与状况良好的关节软骨共存，而严重退变的关节可能含有惊人正常的半月板。全半月板切除术后关节会出现异常的应力传递，最终常常发生退行性改变。部分半月板切除术在保留仍具有一定功能边缘的同时可缓解机械性症状。关节镜下半月板切除术能迅速取得良好效果，对患者和外科医生而言都非常高效。
