Health Workforce Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Health Workforce Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
BMJ Open. 2022 Aug 5;12(8):e063059. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063059.
The implementation of COVID-19 vaccination globally poses unprecedented stress to health systems particularly for countries with persisting health workforce shortages prior the pandemic. The present paper estimates the workforce requirement to reach 70% COVID-19 vaccination coverage in all countries by mid-2022 using service target-based estimation.
Health workforce data from National Health Workforce Accounts and vaccination coverage reported to WHO as of January 2022 were used. Workload parameters were used to estimate the number of health workers needed with a service target-based approach, the gap and the scale-up required partially accounting for countries' challenges, as well as the associated costs in human resources.
As of 1 January 2022, only 34 countries achieved 70% COVID-19 vaccination coverage and 61 countries covered less than a quarter of their population. This analysis showed that 1 831 000 health workers working full time would be needed to reach a global coverage of 70% COVID-19 vaccination by mid-2022. To avoid severe disruptions to health system, 744 000 additional health workers should be added to domestic resources mostly (77%) in low-income countries. In a sensitivity analysis, allowing for vaccination over 12 months instead of 6 months would decrease the scale-up to 476 000 health workers. The costing for the employment of these 744 000 additional health workers is estimated to be US$2.5 billion. In addition to such a massive scale-up, it is estimated that 29 countries would have needed to redeploy more than 20% of their domestic workforce, placing them at serious risk of not achieving the mid-year target.
Reaching 70% global coverage with COVID-19 vaccination by mid-2022 requires extraordinary efforts not before witnessed in the history of immunisation programmes. COVID-19 vaccination programmes should receive rapid and sustainable investment in health workforce.
全球范围内实施 COVID-19 疫苗接种对卫生系统造成了前所未有的压力，尤其是对于在大流行之前就存在持续卫生人力短缺的国家而言。本文使用基于服务目标的估计方法，估计到 2022 年年中，所有国家达到 70% COVID-19 疫苗接种覆盖率所需的劳动力数量。
使用国家卫生人力账户中的卫生人力数据和截至 2022 年 1 月向世卫组织报告的疫苗接种覆盖率。使用工作量参数，通过基于服务目标的方法来估计所需的卫生工作者数量、差距和扩大规模，部分考虑到各国的挑战，以及与人力资源相关的成本。
截至 2022 年 1 月 1 日，只有 34 个国家实现了 70% COVID-19 疫苗接种覆盖率，61 个国家的疫苗接种覆盖率不到其人口的四分之一。这项分析表明，到 2022 年年中，要实现全球 70% COVID-19 疫苗接种覆盖率，需要全职工作的 183.1 万名卫生工作者。为了避免对卫生系统造成严重干扰，低收入国家应主要（77%）在国内资源中增加 74.4 万名额外的卫生工作者。在敏感性分析中，允许疫苗接种超过 12 个月而不是 6 个月，将使扩大规模减少到 47.6 万名卫生工作者。雇用这 74.4 万名额外卫生工作者的费用估计为 25 亿美元。除了如此大规模的扩大规模外，估计有 29 个国家将需要重新部署其国内劳动力的 20%以上，这使它们面临严重无法实现年中目标的风险。
到 2022 年年中，要实现全球 70%的 COVID-19 疫苗接种覆盖率，需要付出前所未有的努力，这在免疫规划史上从未有过。COVID-19 疫苗接种计划应在卫生人力方面获得快速和可持续的投资。
