Kasen S, Cohen P, Brook J S, Hartmark C
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1996 Apr;24(2):121-50. doi: 10.1007/BF01441481.
Effects of family status on the trajectory of problematic temperament-adjustment at 1 and 10 years of age and associated psychiatric disturbance 8 years later were examined in an epidemiological sample of 648 children. After adjusting for predivorce temperament-adjustment and background factors, logistic regression yielded independent effects of single custodial mother (SCM) family status for increased risk of disruptive and anxiety disorders, and of stepfamily status for increased risk of disruptive disorders. Increased risk of psychiatric disorders was more pervasive for SCM family boys versus intact family boys than for SCM family girls versus intact family girls, however only significantly more so for depression. No significant sex interaction was observed for stepfamily status. When girls and boys were treated independently, patterns of family status and outcomes of internalizing disorders varied. In stepfamilies, an elevated risk of depression and anxiety disorders was observed in girls but not boys, whereas in SCM families an elevated risk of depression was observed in boys but not girls. Within each family status group there was support for an altered risk of later psychiatric disorders given specific problematic predivorce temperament-adjustment characteristics. Implications for future research and treatment are discussed.
在一个由648名儿童组成的流行病学样本中，研究了家庭状况对1岁和10岁时问题气质调节轨迹以及8年后相关精神障碍的影响。在对离婚前的气质调节和背景因素进行调整后，逻辑回归得出，单亲母亲家庭状况会增加破坏性行为和焦虑症的风险，继家庭状况会增加破坏性行为障碍的风险。与完整家庭的男孩相比，单亲母亲家庭的男孩患精神障碍的风险增加更为普遍，与完整家庭的女孩相比，单亲母亲家庭的女孩也是如此，但仅在抑郁症方面差异显著。对于继家庭状况，未观察到显著的性别交互作用。当分别对女孩和男孩进行研究时，家庭状况模式和内化障碍的结果各不相同。在继家庭中，女孩患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险升高，男孩则不然；而在单亲母亲家庭中，男孩患抑郁症的风险升高，女孩则不然。在每个家庭状况组中，都有证据表明，鉴于离婚前特定的问题气质调节特征，后期患精神障碍的风险会发生改变。文中还讨论了对未来研究和治疗的启示。
