Quantification of bacterial adhesion to tissue in high-throughput kinetics.

Bacterial adhesion to tissue is the starting point for many pathogenic processes and beneficial interactions. The dynamics and speed of adhesion (minutes) make high-resolution temporal kinetic data important, but this capability is absent from the current toolset. We present a high-throughput method with a second-to-minute kinetic resolution, testing the adhesion of PAO1 wild-type, flagella-, pili-, and quorum-sensing mutants to human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Adhesion rates were in good correlation with HEK293 confluence, and the ways in which various bacterial mutations modified adhesion patterns are in agreement with the published literature. This simple assay can facilitate drug screening and treatment development as well as provide a better understanding of the interactions of pathogenic and probiotic bacteria with tissues, allowing the design of interventions and prevention treatments.