Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021 May;19(5):331-342. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00477-5. Epub 2020 Nov 19.
Intense genome sequencing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) airways has shown inefficient eradication of the infecting bacteria, as well as previously undocumented patient-to-patient transmission of adapted clones. However, genome sequencing has limited potential as a predictor of chronic infection and of the adaptive state during infection, and thus there is increasing interest in linking phenotypic traits to the genome sequences. Phenotypic information ranges from genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of patient samples to determination of more specific traits associated with metabolic changes, stress responses, antibiotic resistance and tolerance, biofilm formation and slow growth. Environmental conditions in the CF lung shape both genetic and phenotypic changes of P. aeruginosa during infection. In this Review, we discuss the adaptive and evolutionary trajectories that lead to early diversification and late convergence, which enable P. aeruginosa to succeed in this niche, and we point out how knowledge of these biological features may be used to guide diagnosis and therapy.
对囊性纤维化（CF）气道中铜绿假单胞菌分离株进行的深入基因组测序表明，感染细菌的清除效率低下，以及以前未记录的适应克隆在患者之间的传播。然而，基因组测序作为慢性感染和感染期间适应性状态的预测因子的潜力有限，因此人们越来越关注将表型特征与基因组序列联系起来。表型信息范围从对患者样本进行全基因组转录组分析到确定与代谢变化、应激反应、抗生素耐药性和耐受性、生物膜形成和缓慢生长相关的更具体特征。CF 肺部的环境条件在感染过程中塑造了铜绿假单胞菌的遗传和表型变化。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了导致早期多样化和晚期收敛的适应和进化轨迹，这些轨迹使铜绿假单胞菌能够在这一生态位中成功生存，并指出了解这些生物学特征的知识如何用于指导诊断和治疗。
