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大语言模型在医学教育中的作用:应用与启示

The Role of Large Language Models in Medical Education: Applications and Implications.

作者信息

Safranek Conrad W, Sidamon-Eristoff Anne Elizabeth, Gilson Aidan, Chartash David

机构信息

Section for Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.

Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.

出版信息

JMIR Med Educ. 2023 Aug 14;9:e50945. doi: 10.2196/50945.


DOI:10.2196/50945
PMID:37578830
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10463084/
Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have sparked extensive discourse within the medical education community, spurring both excitement and apprehension. Written from the perspective of medical students, this editorial offers insights gleaned through immersive interactions with ChatGPT, contextualized by ongoing research into the imminent role of LLMs in health care. Three distinct positive use cases for ChatGPT were identified: facilitating differential diagnosis brainstorming, providing interactive practice cases, and aiding in multiple-choice question review. These use cases can effectively help students learn foundational medical knowledge during the preclinical curriculum while reinforcing the learning of core Entrustable Professional Activities. Simultaneously, we highlight key limitations of LLMs in medical education, including their insufficient ability to teach the integration of contextual and external information, comprehend sensory and nonverbal cues, cultivate rapport and interpersonal interaction, and align with overarching medical education and patient care goals. Through interacting with LLMs to augment learning during medical school, students can gain an understanding of their strengths and weaknesses. This understanding will be pivotal as we navigate a health care landscape increasingly intertwined with LLMs and artificial intelligence.

摘要

诸如ChatGPT这样的大语言模型在医学教育界引发了广泛讨论,既带来了兴奋,也引发了担忧。这篇社论从医学生的角度出发,分享了通过与ChatGPT深入互动所获得的见解,并结合了对大语言模型在医疗保健领域即将发挥的作用的 ongoing research进行了背景阐述。确定了ChatGPT的三个不同的积极用例:促进鉴别诊断头脑风暴、提供交互式实践案例以及辅助多项选择题复习。这些用例可以有效地帮助学生在临床前课程中学习基础医学知识,同时加强对核心可托付专业活动的学习。同时,我们强调了大语言模型在医学教育中的关键局限性,包括它们在教授上下文和外部信息整合、理解感官和非语言线索、培养融洽关系和人际互动以及与总体医学教育和患者护理目标保持一致方面的能力不足。通过在医学院期间与大语言模型互动以增强学习,学生可以了解自己的优势和劣势。随着我们在与大语言模型和人工智能日益交织的医疗保健领域中前行,这种理解将至关重要。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/7c7995729e66/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/388042fe2e20/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/648e8d35c739/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/c1e01825d57b/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/87a3543693bb/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/cdc8fb4aba04/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/7c7995729e66/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/388042fe2e20/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig1.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/648e8d35c739/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig2.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/c1e01825d57b/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/87a3543693bb/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/cdc8fb4aba04/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9343/10463084/7c7995729e66/mededu_v9i1e50945_fig6.jpg

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[5]
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[6]
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[7]
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[8]
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NPJ Digit Med. 2025-5-27

[9]
Exploring the Application Capability of ChatGPT as an Instructor in Skills Education for Dental Medical Students: Randomized Controlled Trial.

J Med Internet Res. 2025-5-27

[10]
Assessing ChatGPT's Capability as a New Age Standardized Patient: Qualitative Study.

JMIR Med Educ. 2025-5-20

本文引用的文献

[1]
Benefits, Limits, and Risks of GPT-4 as an AI Chatbot for Medicine.

N Engl J Med. 2023-3-30

[2]
ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns.

Healthcare (Basel). 2023-3-19

[3]
The rise of ChatGPT: Exploring its potential in medical education.

Anat Sci Educ. 2024

[4]
The Role of ChatGPT, Generative Language Models, and Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: A Conversation With ChatGPT and a Call for Papers.

JMIR Med Educ. 2023-3-6

[5]
The potential impact of ChatGPT in clinical and translational medicine.

Clin Transl Med. 2023-3

[6]
Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-assisted medical education using large language models.

PLOS Digit Health. 2023-2-9

[7]
How Does ChatGPT Perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)? The Implications of Large Language Models for Medical Education and Knowledge Assessment.

JMIR Med Educ. 2023-2-8

[8]
Informatics in Undergraduate Medical Education: Analysis of Competency Frameworks and Practices Across North America.

JMIR Med Educ. 2022-9-13

[9]
Revisiting the Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency.

Acad Med. 2021-7-1

[10]
External features enriched model for biomedical question answering.

BMC Bioinformatics. 2021-5-26

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