Deshmukh Vinod D
Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Jacksonville Campus, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Int J Yoga. 2023 Jan-Apr;16(1):42-48. doi: 10.4103/ijoy.ijoy_34_23. Epub 2023 Jul 10.
It is hypothesized that being mindfully aware is a spontaneous state of being. It is imbued with joy, peace and happiness. Such a state is periodically revealed during restful attentiveness or presence. It is also associated with spontaneous brain alpha activity of 8-13 Hz. In deep nonrapid eye movement sleep, there is synchronous delta activity at a coherent frequency of 0.1 Hz. Both of these brainwave ground states are spontaneous, calm and effortless. When any physical or mental effort is made, the alpha rhythm is desynchronized, and it is superposed by faster brain waves of beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma frequencies (30-150 Hz). This is associated with a stream of dualistic conscious experiences with contents. During deep sleep, delta activity is superposed by beta and gamma activity with microarousals resulting in dream experiences. During effortless, meditative awareness, the whole family of alpha rhythm is synchronized including (a) with visual clarity, formless color, and the absence of visual imagery (b) with relatively motionless eyes, and the absence of voluntary actions or plans to move the eyes in some direction, along with nonactive working memory, (c) from the somatic motor-sensory cortex with the resultant stillness of the body including head, face, larynx, spine, hands and legs, (d) with vocal quietness and internal verbal silence () with a feeling of spontaneous silence and serenity, (e) resulting in freedom from autobiographical memories and the sense of agency or ego. The insular cortex serves as a gatekeeper, a hierarchical controller to switch between conscious engagement or disengagement from the internal or the external world. It switches between the default mode network and the executive frontoparietal networks, between the sequential and the parallel modes of functioning. Mindful consciousness is local and dualistic, whereas mindful awareness is nonlocal and nondual.
据推测，正念觉知是一种自发的存在状态。它充满喜悦、平和与幸福。这种状态在宁静的专注或当下状态中会周期性地显现。它还与8 - 13赫兹的自发脑阿尔法活动相关。在深度非快速眼动睡眠中，存在频率为0.1赫兹的同步德尔塔活动。这两种脑电波基态都是自发、平静且毫不费力的。当进行任何身体或 mental effort时，阿尔法节律会去同步化，并被更快的贝塔（13 - 30赫兹）和伽马频率（30 - 150赫兹）的脑电波叠加。这与一系列具有内容的二元意识体验相关。在深度睡眠中，德尔塔活动被贝塔和伽马活动叠加，并伴有微觉醒，从而产生梦境体验。在毫不费力的冥想觉知中，整个阿尔法节律家族会同步，包括：（a）视觉清晰、无形的颜色且无视觉意象；（b）眼睛相对静止，没有自愿行动或计划朝某个方向移动眼睛，同时工作记忆不活跃；（c）来自躯体运动感觉皮层，导致身体包括头部、面部、喉部、脊柱、手部和腿部静止；（d）声音安静且内心言语沉默；（e）有一种自发的寂静和平和感；（f）从而摆脱自传性记忆以及自我意识或自我感。岛叶皮层充当守门人，即一个层级控制器，在与内部或外部世界的意识参与或脱离之间进行切换。它在默认模式网络和执行性额顶叶网络之间切换，在顺序和并行功能模式之间切换。正念意识是局部的且二元的，而正念觉知是非局部的且非二元的。
