Neonatology Department, BCNatal-Centre de Medicina Maternofetal i Neonatologia de Barcelona, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Neonatology Department, BCNatal-Centre de Medicina Maternofetal i Neonatologia de Barcelona, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Biofactors. 2024 Jan-Feb;50(1):135-144. doi: 10.1002/biof.1997. Epub 2023 Aug 16.
Human milk adipokines in term babies seem partially determined by maternal factors and affect infant's development. We aimed to describe bioactive peptide concentration in very preterm human milk and associations to maternal characteristics and postnatal growth. Mothers delivering ≤32 weeks of gestation and their infant/s were recruited. At 4 weeks of lactation, an aliquot of 24-h-pooled milk was collected for exclusively breastfeeding dyads. Insulin, leptin, adiponectin, and milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-8 (MFG-E8) were measured by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay in skimmed milk. One hundred mothers (28.8 ± 2.3 weeks at delivery) provided a milk sample. Milk insulin was related to gestational age, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and galactagogue treatment (final model: adjusted R : 0.330, p < 0.0001; adjusted β coefficients: galactagogue treatment: 0.348, p 0.001; pre-pregnancy BMI: 0.274, p 0.009; gestational age: -0.290, p 0.007). Adiponectin was higher in mothers with gestational diabetes (30.7 ± 6.5 vs. 24.8 ± 8 ng/mL, p 0.044). Leptin was associated with pre-pregnancy BMI (Spearman's ρ: 0.648, p < 0.0001) and MFG-E8 to presence of labor and multiple pregnancy (final linear regression model, R : 0.073, p 0.028, adjusted β coefficients: presence of labor -0.229, p 0.050; twins: -0.192, p 0.099). Milk adiponectin was associated with a greater decrease in length z-scores from birth to 28 days (Pearson's r: -0.225, p 0.032) and to discharge (Pearson's r: -0.290, p 0.003). Milk MFG-E8 was lower in milk of mothers whose babies experienced late-onset sepsis (13.3 ± 5.8 vs. 16.8 ± 6.3 μg/mL, p 0.023). Adipokines levels in preterm human milk are partially related to maternal metabolic status. Milk peptide concentration associates with early neonatal growth trajectories.
人乳中的脂肪因子在足月婴儿中似乎部分由母体因素决定，并影响婴儿的发育。我们旨在描述极低出生体重儿母乳中生物活性肽的浓度及其与母体特征和产后生长的关系。招募了分娩时胎龄≤32 周的母亲及其婴儿/幼儿。在产后 4 周时，收集了 24 小时混合母乳样本。采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测脱脂乳中的胰岛素、瘦素、脂联素和乳脂肪球表皮生长因子 8（MFG-E8）。100 名母亲（分娩时 28.8±2.3 周）提供了一份母乳样本。母乳胰岛素与胎龄、孕前体重指数（BMI）和催乳素治疗有关（最终模型：调整 R：0.330，p<0.0001；调整β系数：催乳素治疗：0.348，p<0.001；孕前 BMI：0.274，p<0.009；胎龄：-0.290，p<0.007）。患有妊娠期糖尿病的母亲的脂联素水平较高（30.7±6.5 与 24.8±8ng/mL，p=0.044）。瘦素与孕前 BMI 相关（Spearman's ρ：0.648，p<0.0001），MFG-E8 与分娩和多胎妊娠有关（最终线性回归模型，R：0.073，p=0.028，调整β系数：分娩-0.229，p=0.050；双胞胎：-0.192，p=0.099）。母乳脂联素与从出生到 28 天的身长 Z 分数的下降（Pearson's r：-0.225，p=0.032）和出院时的下降（Pearson's r：-0.290，p=0.003）有关。患有晚发性败血症的婴儿的母亲母乳中 MFG-E8 水平较低（13.3±5.8 与 16.8±6.3μg/mL，p=0.023）。早产儿母乳中的脂肪因子水平部分与母体代谢状态有关。乳肽浓度与新生儿早期生长轨迹有关。
