Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Soil Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 16;18(8):e0289935. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289935. eCollection 2023.
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are dangerous parasites of many crops worldwide. The threat of chemical nematicides has led to increasing interest in studying the inhibitory effects of organic amendments and bacteria on plant-parasitic nematodes, but their combination has been less studied. One laboratory and four glasshouse experiments were conducted to study the effect on M. javanica of animal manure, common vermicompost, shrimp shells, chitosan, compost and vermicompost from castor bean, chinaberry and arugula, and the combination of arugula vermicompost with some bacteria, isolated from vermicompost or earthworms. The extract of arugula compost and vermicompost, common vermicompost and composts from castor bean and chinaberry reduced nematode egg hatch by 12-32% and caused 13-40% mortality of second-stage juveniles in vitro. Soil amendments with the combination vermicompost of arugula + Pseudomonas. resinovorans + Sphingobacterium daejeonense + chitosan significantly increased the yield of infected tomato plants and reduced nematode reproduction factor by 63.1-76.6%. Comparison of chemical properties showed that arugula vermicompost had lower pH, EC, and C/N ratio than arugula compost. Metagenomics analysis showed that Bacillus, Geodermatophilus, Thermomonas, Lewinella, Pseudolabrys and Erythrobacter were the major bacterial genera in the vermicompost of arugula. Metagenomics analysis confirmed the presence of chitinolytic, detoxifying and PGPR bacteria in the vermicompost of arugula. The combination of arugula vermicompost + chitosan + P. resinovorans + S. daejeonense could be an environmentally friendly approach to control M. javanica.
根结线虫（Meloidogyne spp.）是全球许多作物的危险寄生线虫。化学杀线虫剂的威胁导致人们越来越关注研究有机改良剂和细菌对植物寄生线虫的抑制作用，但对它们的组合研究较少。本研究进行了一项实验室试验和四项温室试验，以研究动物粪便、普通蚯蚓粪、虾壳、壳聚糖、堆肥和蓖麻、楝树和芝麻菜的蚯蚓粪对爪哇根结线虫（M. javanica）的影响，以及芝麻菜蚯蚓粪与一些从蚯蚓粪或蚯蚓中分离出的细菌的组合。芝麻菜堆肥和蚯蚓粪、普通蚯蚓粪和来自蓖麻和楝树的堆肥提取物在体外将线虫卵孵化率降低了 12-32%，并导致 2 龄幼虫死亡率为 13-40%。与芝麻菜+假单胞菌。resinovorans + Sphingobacterium daejeonense +壳聚糖组合的土壤改良剂显著增加了感染番茄植株的产量，并将线虫繁殖系数降低了 63.1-76.6%。化学性质比较表明，芝麻菜蚯蚓粪的 pH、EC 和 C/N 比芝麻菜堆肥低。宏基因组学分析表明，芽胞杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌属、嗜热单胞菌属、Lewinella 属、假单胞菌属和红杆菌属是芝麻菜蚯蚓粪中的主要细菌属。宏基因组学分析证实了芝麻菜蚯蚓粪中存在几丁质酶、解毒和 PGPR 细菌。芝麻菜蚯蚓粪+壳聚糖+假单胞菌。resinovorans + S. daejeonense 的组合可能是一种控制爪哇根结线虫的环保方法。
