College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi 435002, China.
J Food Drug Anal. 2017 Jan;25(1):3-15. doi: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.11.004. Epub 2016 Dec 7.
Diet polyphenols-primarily categorized into flavonoids (e.g., flavonols, flavones, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanidins, flavanones, and isoflavones) and nonflavonoids (with major subclasses of stilbenes and phenolic acids)-are reported to have health-promoting effects, such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anticarcinoma, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cardioprotective properties. However, their applications in functional foods or medicine are limited because of their inefficient systemic delivery and poor oral bioavailability. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, and resveratrol are the well-known representatives of the bioactive diet polyphenols but with poor bioavailability. Food macromolecule based nanoparticles have been fabricated using reassembled proteins, crosslinked polysaccharides, protein-polysaccharide conjugates (complexes), as well as emulsified lipid via safe procedures that could be applied in food. The human gastrointestinal digestion tract is the first place where the food grade macromolecule nanoparticles exert their effects on improving the bioavailability of diet polyphenols, via enhancing their solubility, preventing their degradation in the intestinal environment, elevating the permeation in small intestine, and even increasing their contents in the bloodstream. We contend that the stability and structure behaviors of nanocarriers in the gastrointestinal tract environment and the effects of nanoencapsulation on the metabolism of polyphenols warrant more focused attention in further studies.
饮食多酚主要分为黄酮类（如黄酮醇、黄酮、黄烷-3-醇、花色苷、黄烷酮和异黄酮）和非黄酮类（主要亚类为芪类和酚酸），具有促进健康的作用，如抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、抗菌、抗病毒和心脏保护特性。然而，由于其系统递送效率低和口服生物利用度差，它们在功能性食品或药物中的应用受到限制。表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、姜黄素和白藜芦醇是生物活性饮食多酚的知名代表，但生物利用度较差。基于食物大分子的纳米粒子已经通过安全的程序使用重组蛋白、交联多糖、蛋白-多糖缀合物（复合物）以及乳化脂质来制备，这些纳米粒子可应用于食品中。人体胃肠道是食品级大分子纳米粒子发挥作用的第一场所，通过提高多酚的溶解度、防止其在肠道环境中降解、提高在小肠中的渗透，甚至增加其在血液中的含量，从而提高多酚的生物利用度。我们认为，纳米载体在胃肠道环境中的稳定性和结构行为以及纳米封装对多酚代谢的影响值得在进一步的研究中给予更多关注。
