Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Plant Bioproducts, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2024;25(5):637-644. doi: 10.2174/1389201024666230816154639.
Plants that have therapeutic features for humans or animals are commonly referred to as "medicinal plants". They produce secondary metabolites with antioxidant, antimicrobial and/or anti-cancer effects. , known as European stone seed, is a famous medicinal herb. However, due to the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PzAl) in the root extract of , there are therapeutic limitations to this herb.
This research was devoted to the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory capacity of methanolic extracts of callus (LoE) (fresh cells) on rat microglial cells, the immune cells of the Central Nervous System, which play an essential role in the responses to neuroinflammation.
Primary microglia were obtained from neonatal Wistar rats (1 to 3-days old), and then treated with various concentration of CfA and methanolic extracts of 17 and 31-day-old callus before LPS-stimulation. In addition to HPLC analysis of the extracts, viability, nitric oxide production, and evaluation of pro-inflammatory genes and cytokines in the inflamed microglia were investigated by MTT, Griess methos, qrt-PCR, and ELISA.
Methanolic extract of the 17-day-old callus of exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated microglial cells much higher than observed for CfA. The data were further supported by the decreased expression of and mRNA and the suppression of TNF-α and IL-1β release in the activated microglial cells pretreated with the effective dose of LoE (0.8 mg mL-1).
It was assumed that the better anti-neuroinflammatory performance of LoE than CfA in LPS-activated primary microglia could be a result of the synergism of the components of the extract and the lipophilic nature of RsA as the main phenolic acid of LoE. Considering that LoE shows a high antioxidant capacity and lacks PzAl, it is anticipated that LoE extract might be considered a reliable substitute to play a key role in the preparation of neuroprotective pharmaceutical formulas, which require in vivo research and further experiments.
对人类或动物具有治疗作用的植物通常被称为“药用植物”。它们产生具有抗氧化、抗菌和/或抗癌作用的次生代谢物。欧洲獐牙菜是一种著名的药用草本植物。然而，由于獐牙菜根提取物中的吡咯里西啶生物碱（PzAl），这种草药的治疗有一定的局限性。
本研究致力于评估甲醇提取物对大鼠小胶质细胞（中枢神经系统的免疫细胞）的抗炎能力，小胶质细胞在神经炎症反应中起着至关重要的作用。
从小鼠（1-3 天大）中获得原代小胶质细胞，然后用不同浓度的 CfA 和 17 天和 31 天龄獐牙菜愈伤组织的甲醇提取物处理 LPS 刺激前的小胶质细胞。除了对提取物进行高效液相色谱分析外，还通过 MTT、Griess 法、qrt-PCR 和 ELISA 研究了提取物对 LPS 刺激的小胶质细胞活力、一氧化氮产生以及促炎基因和细胞因子的评估。
与 CfA 相比，17 天龄獐牙菜愈伤组织的甲醇提取物对 LPS 刺激的小胶质细胞表现出更强的抗炎作用。有效剂量的 LoE（0.8mg·mL-1）预处理后，激活的小胶质细胞中 和 mRNA 的表达减少以及 TNF-α和 IL-1β释放的抑制进一步支持了这一数据。
假设 LoE 比 CfA 在 LPS 激活的原代小胶质细胞中具有更好的神经抗炎作用，这可能是提取物成分的协同作用和 RsA 的亲脂性的结果，RsA 是 LoE 的主要酚酸。考虑到 LoE 具有较高的抗氧化能力且不含 PzAl，预计 LoE 提取物可能被认为是一种可靠的替代品，在需要体内研究和进一步实验的神经保护药物配方的制备中发挥关键作用。
