Albuquerque Natalia, Resende Briseida
Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Evol Hum Sci. 2022 Dec 6;5:e2. doi: 10.1017/ehs.2022.57. eCollection 2023.
Emotions are critical for humans, not only feeling and expressing them, but also reading the emotional expressions of others. For a long time, this ability was thought to be exclusive to people; however, there is now evidence that other animals also rely on emotion perception to guide their behaviour and to adjust their actions in such way as to guarantee success in their social groups. This is the case for domestic dogs, who have tremendously complex abilities to perceive the emotional expressions not only of their conspecifics but also of human beings. In this paper we discuss dogs' capacities to read human emotions. More than perception, though, are dogs able to use this emotional information in a functional way? Does reading emotional expressions allow them to live functional social lives? Dogs can respond functionally to emotional expressions and can use the emotional information they obtain from others during problem-solving, that is, acquiring information from faces and body postures allows them to make decisions. Here, we tackle questions related to the abilities of responding to and using emotional information from human expressions in a functional way and discuss how far dogs can go when reading our emotions.
情感对人类至关重要，不仅在于感受和表达情感，还在于解读他人的情感表达。长期以来，这种能力被认为是人类独有的；然而，现在有证据表明，其他动物也依靠情感感知来指导其行为，并以确保在其社会群体中取得成功的方式调整自己的行动。家犬就是这样，它们不仅具有极其复杂的能力来感知同类的情感表达，还能感知人类的情感表达。在本文中，我们将讨论狗解读人类情感的能力。然而，狗是否能够以一种实用的方式利用这些情感信息呢？解读情感表达是否能让它们过上正常的社交生活呢？狗能够对情感表达做出实用的反应，并且在解决问题的过程中能够利用从其他动物那里获得的情感信息，也就是说，从面部和身体姿势获取信息能使它们做出决策。在此，我们探讨与以实用方式回应和利用人类表情中的情感信息的能力相关的问题，并讨论狗在解读我们的情感方面能达到何种程度。
