Cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1: a comprehensive analysis of potential diagnostic, prognosis, and immune biomarkers in invasive breast cancer.

BACKGROUND

Cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 () is strictly associated with the incidence and progress of several malignant tumors, but its effect on invasive breast cancer (IBC) remains unclear. We directed to research the potential diagnostic and prognostic significance of in IBC.

METHODS

The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database were utilized to examine expression level in IBC and its relationship with clinicopathological features. The diagnostic value and prognostic importance of in IBC were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox regression analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and nomogram model. The STRING database and enrichment analysis were utilized to discover the interacting proteins, biological roles and possible cellular mechanisms related to . The methylation status of was analyzed using MethSurv database and the University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal (UALCAN). By using Spearman correlation assessment, how the expression of was related to , immune checkpoint genes and immune cell infiltration was determined.

RESULTS

mRNA and protein levels were overexpressed in IBC, and significantly correlated with T stage, histological type, age, ER status, PR status and PAM50 (P<0.001). overexpression significantly decreased overall survival, distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) and relapse free survival in IBC patients (P<0.001). Similarly, hypermethylation of was associated with adverse outcomes in IBC patients. Multivariate Cox analysis identified as a potential risk factor for disease specific survival (DSS) and progression free survival (PFS) in individuals with IBC. The outcomes of the ROC curve showed that had a better accuracy in predicting ER(-), PR(-) and Asian breast cancer subtypes. Furthermore, there was a substantial correlation between the expression level in IBC and immune cell infiltration, , and immune checkpoint genes.

CONCLUSIONS

The high expression of in IBC is significantly related to the infiltration status of various tumor immune cells and the poor prognosis of IBC patients. According to this current study, is a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker for IBC.