Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Health and Ecological Criteria Division, Ecological Risk Assessment Branch, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2023 Nov;42(11):2289-2301. doi: 10.1002/etc.5733. Epub 2023 Sep 15.
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are among the most frequently detected chemicals among the per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aquatic environments. Because of their high detection frequency, persistence, and potential toxicity, interest in both PFOA and PFOS has increased in recent years. However, a substantial number of PFOA and PFOS toxicity tests only report nominal, or unmeasured, treatment concentrations, which may complicate the determination of protective values. In addition, previous literature has indicated that differences between nominal and measured concentrations of both PFOA and PFOS could be linked to experimental conditions (e.g., feeding regimes for test organisms, test vessel material [glass or plastic], use of solvent, and the presence of substrate). Therefore, this critical review examined whether nominal and measured concentrations were in close agreement with each other among the current PFOA and PFOS aquatic toxicity literature and if experimental conditions were associated with any observed differences. Nominal and measured concentrations in the current PFOA and PFOS aquatic toxicity literature generally displayed a high degree of linear correlation and relatively low median percent differences. Correlations between measured and nominal concentrations were >0.98 for PFOA and >0.95 for PFOS in freshwater tests across experimental conditions. For saltwater tests, correlations of >0.84 were observed for PFOA and PFOS (separate and combined) across experimental conditions. While measured PFOA and PFOS toxicity tests are generally preferred, the present meta-analysis demonstrated that experimental conditions had little influence on observed discrepancies between nominal and measured concentrations, with the exception of PFOS saltwater tests and PFOA and PFOS freshwater studies that contained substrate. Unmeasured tests with these conditions should be considered carefully based on project needs, with the caveat that the data sets for these two experimental conditions were limited. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2289-2301. Published 2023. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
全氟辛酸 (PFOA) 和全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS) 是水生环境中最常检测到的全氟和多氟烷基物质之一。由于它们的高检测频率、持久性和潜在毒性，近年来人们对 PFOA 和 PFOS 的兴趣有所增加。然而，大量的 PFOA 和 PFOS 毒性测试仅报告名义（或未测量）处理浓度，这可能会使保护值的确定变得复杂。此外，先前的文献表明，PFOA 和 PFOS 的名义和实测浓度之间的差异可能与实验条件（例如，测试生物的饲养制度、测试容器材料（玻璃或塑料）、溶剂的使用以及基质的存在）有关。因此，本综述检查了当前 PFOA 和 PFOS 水生毒性文献中名义和实测浓度之间是否彼此接近，以及实验条件是否与任何观察到的差异有关。当前 PFOA 和 PFOS 水生毒性文献中的名义和实测浓度之间通常表现出高度的线性相关性和相对较低的中位数百分比差异。在不同实验条件下，淡水测试中 PFOA 的实测和名义浓度之间的相关性>0.98，PFOS 的相关性>0.95。在盐水测试中，在不同实验条件下，PFOA 和 PFOS（单独和组合）的相关性>0.84。虽然通常更倾向于使用实测 PFOA 和 PFOS 毒性测试，但本荟萃分析表明，实验条件对名义和实测浓度之间观察到的差异影响很小，除了含有基质的 PFOS 盐水测试和 PFOA 和 PFOS 淡水研究外。对于这些条件下的未测量测试，应根据项目需求谨慎考虑，需要注意的是，这两个实验条件的数据有限。环境毒理化学 2023；42：2289-2301。2023 年出版。本文是美国政府的一项工作，在美国属于公有领域。
