欧洲各国晚年生活中的照护差距。
The Care Gap in Later Life Across European Countries.
机构信息
Department of Sociology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
Population Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
出版信息
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2023 Nov 14;78(11):1935-1946. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbad118.
OBJECTIVES
Do adults without kin experience a care gap where they need help with activities of daily living but get no help from any source? We examine the prevalence of the care gap across Europe, and test whether those without partners or children substitute for their lack of close kin with help from broader networks, or whether they disproportionately experience care gaps.
METHODS
Using data from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, we estimate the care gap in 28 European countries and Israel, how it varies, and who provides help for respondents with different family structures.
RESULTS
The care gap is substantial, with 6.1% of all respondents ages 50 and above reporting a gap. It is highest in Western and Eastern Europe and lowest in Southern Europe and Israel. Respondents without partners or children are significantly more likely to have care gaps than those with close kin. However, respondents without close kin draw more often on more diverse networks of friends and relatives and use nursing home care.
DISCUSSION
Our study introduces the concept of the care gap and shows that although it is most common among unpartnered adults without children it is also quite common for those with immediate family. A broader network partially but not completely substitutes for care gaps among those without immediate family. Our results offer new insights into the demand for public care services in countries with diverse welfare states.
目的
在日常生活活动中需要帮助但无法从任何来源获得帮助的无亲属成年人是否存在照护缺口？我们检验了欧洲各国普遍存在照护缺口的情况，并测试了那些没有伴侣或子女的人是否会通过更广泛的网络来弥补他们缺乏亲密亲属的情况，或者他们是否不成比例地经历照护缺口。
方法
我们使用欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查的数据，估计了 28 个欧洲国家和以色列的照护缺口，以及它的变化情况，以及不同家庭结构的受访者得到了谁的帮助。
结果
照护缺口很大，有 6.1%的 50 岁及以上受访者报告存在缺口。在西欧和东欧，照护缺口最高，在南欧和以色列最低。没有伴侣或子女的受访者比有亲密亲属的受访者更有可能存在照护缺口。然而，没有亲密亲属的受访者更多地利用朋友和亲戚更广泛的网络，并使用养老院护理。
讨论
我们的研究引入了照护缺口的概念，并表明，尽管它在无伴侣且无子女的成年人中最为常见，但在有直系亲属的成年人中也很常见。更广泛的网络在一定程度上但不能完全替代无直系亲属的人存在的照护缺口。我们的研究结果为福利制度多样化的国家对公共护理服务的需求提供了新的见解。
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