Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2024 Apr;99(4):551-563. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.05.031. Epub 2023 Aug 16.
To examine the association between the Mediterranean lifestyle and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a British population.
We studied 110,799 individuals 40 to 75 years of age from the UK Biobank cohort, free of CVD or cancer between 2009 and 2012 who were followed-up to 2021. The Mediterranean lifestyle was assessed at baseline through the Mediterranean Lifestyle (MEDLIFE) index, derived from the lifestyle questionnaire and diet assessments and comprising three blocks: (1) "Mediterranean food consumption," (2) "Mediterranean dietary habits," and (3) "physical activity, rest, social habits, and conviviality." Death information was retrieved from death register records. Cox regression models were used to analyze the study associations.
During a median 9.4-year follow-up, 4247 total deaths, 2401 cancer deaths, and 731 CVD deaths were identified. Compared with the first quartile of the MEDLIFE index, increasing quartiles had HRs of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.81 to 0.97), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.89), and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.78) (P-trend<.001 for all-cause mortality). For cancer mortality, the quartiles had HRs of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.80 to 1.01), 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.93), and 0.72 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.82) (P-trend<.001). All MEDLIFE index blocks were independently associated with lower risk of all-cause and cancer death, and block 3 was associated with lower CVD mortality.
Higher adherence to the Mediterranean lifestyle was associated with lower all-cause and cancer mortality in British middle-aged and older adults in a dose-response manner. Adopting a Mediterranean lifestyle adapted to the local characteristics of non-Mediterranean populations may be possible and part of a healthy lifestyle.
在英国人群中研究地中海生活方式与全因、癌症和心血管疾病（CVD）死亡的相关性。
我们研究了 UK Biobank 队列中 110799 名年龄在 40 至 75 岁之间的个体，他们在 2009 年至 2012 年之间没有 CVD 或癌症，随访至 2021 年。在基线时通过地中海生活方式（MEDLIFE）指数评估地中海生活方式，该指数源自生活方式问卷和饮食评估，包括三个部分：（1）“地中海食物消费”，（2）“地中海饮食习惯”，和（3）“体育活动、休息、社会习惯和欢乐”。死亡信息从死亡登记册中检索。使用 Cox 回归模型分析研究相关性。
在中位 9.4 年的随访期间，共发生 4247 例全因死亡、2401 例癌症死亡和 731 例 CVD 死亡。与 MEDLIFE 指数第一四分位数相比，四分位数越高，HR 分别为 0.89（95%CI，0.81 至 0.97）、0.81（95%CI，0.74 至 0.89）和 0.71（95%CI，0.65 至 0.78）（P-trend<.001 为全因死亡率）。对于癌症死亡率，四分位数的 HR 分别为 0.90（95%CI，0.80 至 1.01）、0.83（95%CI，0.74 至 0.93）和 0.72（95%CI，0.64 至 0.82）（P-trend<.001）。所有 MEDLIFE 指数部分均与全因和癌症死亡风险降低独立相关，部分 3 与 CVD 死亡率降低相关。
在英国中年和老年人中，地中海生活方式的更高依从性与全因和癌症死亡率的降低呈剂量反应关系。采用适应当地非地中海人群特点的地中海生活方式是可能的，并且是健康生活方式的一部分。
