Lee Gayeon, Lee You Jeong, Kim Yeon-Jeong, Park Youmie
College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 50834, Republic of Korea.
Arch Pharm Res. 2023 Aug;46(8):659-678. doi: 10.1007/s12272-023-01457-y. Epub 2023 Aug 17.
Green synthesis strategies have been widely applied for the preparation of versatile nanomaterials. Gold nanospheres with an average size of 6.95 ± 2.25 nm were green synthesized by using a 70% ethanol extract of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) root as a reducing agent. A seed-mediated synthesis was conducted to prepare Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles using gold nanospheres as seeds. Remarkably, Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles with an average size of 80.4 ± 11.9 nm were synthesized. Scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and elemental mappings revealed bimetallic nanoparticles with Au-Ag alloy core and Au-rich shells. A face-centered cubic structure of Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. For Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles, the ratio of Ag/Au was 0.20 which was detected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Gold nanospheres and Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles were functionalized by PEGylation, folic acid conjugation and grafting onto graphene oxide. Finally, docetaxel was loaded for evaluating the in vitro cell viability on cancer cells. Successful functionalization was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectra. The anticancer activity of the docetaxel-loaded nanoparticles was higher than that of their non-docetaxel-loaded counterparts. The highest anticancer activity on human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) was observed in the docetaxel-loaded gold nanospheres that were functionalized by PEGylation, folic acid conjugation and grafting onto graphene oxide. Additionally, grafting onto graphene oxide and docetaxel loading induced high intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. For chemo-photothermal (PTT) anticancer therapy, cell viability was investigated using near-infrared laser irradiation at 808 nm. The highest chemo-PTT anticancer activity on AGS cells was observed in the docetaxel-loaded Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles. Therefore, the newly prepared docetaxel-loaded Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles in the current report have potential applications in chemo-PTT anticancer therapy.
绿色合成策略已被广泛应用于制备多功能纳米材料。通过使用韩国红参（Panax ginseng Meyer）根的70%乙醇提取物作为还原剂，绿色合成了平均尺寸为6.95±2.25 nm的金纳米球。以金纳米球为种子进行种子介导合成，制备了Au-Ag双金属纳米颗粒。值得注意的是，合成了平均尺寸为80.4±11.9 nm的Au-Ag双金属纳米颗粒。扫描透射电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱和元素映射显示了具有Au-Ag合金核和富Au壳的双金属纳米颗粒。通过X射线衍射分析证实了Au-Ag双金属纳米颗粒的面心立方结构。对于Au-Ag双金属纳米颗粒，通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测并分析其Ag/Au比为0.20。金纳米球和Au-Ag双金属纳米颗粒通过聚乙二醇化、叶酸偶联以及接枝到氧化石墨烯上进行功能化。最后，负载多西他赛以评估其对癌细胞的体外细胞活力。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱证实了成功的功能化。负载多西他赛的纳米颗粒的抗癌活性高于未负载多西他赛的对应物。在通过聚乙二醇化、叶酸偶联以及接枝到氧化石墨烯上进行功能化的负载多西他赛的金纳米球中，观察到对人胃腺癌细胞（AGS）的最高抗癌活性。此外，接枝到氧化石墨烯上和负载多西他赛诱导了高细胞内活性氧的产生。对于化学光热（PTT）抗癌治疗，使用808 nm的近红外激光照射研究细胞活力。在负载多西他赛的Au-Ag双金属纳米颗粒中观察到对AGS细胞的最高化学光热抗癌活性。因此，本报告中新制备的负载多西他赛的Au-Ag双金属纳米颗粒在化学光热抗癌治疗中具有潜在应用。
