Lee Gayeon, Park Youmie
College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, 197 Inje-Ro, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, 50834, Republic of Korea.
Discov Nano. 2025 Jul 29;20(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s11671-025-04313-8.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were green-synthesized using Korean red ginseng root extract as a reducing agent, and both types of nanoparticles were used as seeds for the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs). Five types of BNPs were synthesized by adding gold ions, platinum ions, and palladium ions to the seed colloidal solution. The synthesized BNPs were thoroughly characterized via UV‒visible spectrophotometry, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy with elemental mapping, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and dynamic light scattering. The average sizes of the gold-silver BNPs (Au-Ag) (16.59 ± 5.14 nm), palladium-silver BNPs (Pd-Ag) (45.34 ± 15.14 nm), platinum-silver BNPs (Pt-Ag) (39.95 ± 9.59 nm), palladium-gold BNPs (Pd-Au) (11.09 ± 2.17 nm) and platinum-gold BNPs (Pt-Au) (12.14 ± 3.39 nm) were measured from FE-TEM images. Five types of BNPs had an alloy structure with a face-centered cubic crystallinity. In addition, Au-Ag, Pt-Au and Pd-Au were spherical, whereas Pt-Ag and Pd-Ag had sea urchin-like shapes. The atomic percentages of Pd-Ag and Pt-Ag demonstrated approximately the same ratio (50:50) of bimetals. Moreover, the spherical BNPs were composed of approximately 70% Au, and the remaining 30% consisted of Ag, Pd or Pt. Catalytic applications demonstrated that Pd-Au, with the smallest average size, had the highest catalytic activity for methyl orange (22.29 × 10/sec) and Congo red degradation (12.08 × 10/sec) reactions. Specifically, the highest antibacterial activity of Au-Ag at the minimum inhibitory concentration was observed against vancomycin-resistant Enterococci Van-A-type Enterococcus faecium with 9.8 μg/mL Ag and 17.3 μg/mL Au. The newly-synthesized BNPs provide nanoplatforms to explore their catalytic properties and antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the green synthesis strategy avoids the use of noxious chemicals and increases the value of Korean red ginseng root for future nanotechnology applications.
以韩国红参根提取物作为还原剂，绿色合成了银纳米颗粒（AgNPs）和金纳米颗粒（AuNPs），并将这两种类型的纳米颗粒用作合成双金属纳米颗粒（BNPs）的种子。通过向种子胶体溶液中添加金离子、铂离子和钯离子，合成了五种类型的BNPs。通过紫外可见分光光度法、场发射透射电子显微镜、扫描透射电子显微镜、带元素映射的能量色散光谱、高分辨率X射线衍射和动态光散射对合成的BNPs进行了全面表征。从场发射透射电子显微镜图像中测量了金 - 银双金属纳米颗粒（Au - Ag）（16.59±5.14纳米）、钯 - 银双金属纳米颗粒（Pd - Ag）（45.34±15.14纳米）、铂 - 银双金属纳米颗粒（Pt - Ag）（39.95±9.59纳米）、钯 - 金双金属纳米颗粒（Pd - Au）（11.09±2.17纳米）和铂 - 金双金属纳米颗粒（Pt - Au）（12.14±3.39纳米）的平均尺寸。五种类型的BNPs具有面心立方结晶度的合金结构。此外，Au - Ag、Pt - Au和Pd - Au呈球形，而Pt - Ag和Pd - Ag具有海胆状形状。Pd - Ag和Pt - Ag的原子百分比显示双金属的比例大致相同（50:50）。此外，球形BNPs约由70%的Au组成，其余30%由Ag、Pd或Pt组成。催化应用表明，平均尺寸最小的Pd - Au对甲基橙降解反应（22.29×10/秒）和刚果红降解反应（12.08×10/秒）具有最高的催化活性。具体而言，在最小抑菌浓度下，Au - Ag对耐万古霉素肠球菌Van - A型粪肠球菌表现出最高的抗菌活性，其中Ag为9.8μg/mL，Au为17.3μg/mL。新合成的BNPs为探索其催化性能和抗菌活性提供了纳米平台。此外，绿色合成策略避免了使用有害化学物质，并增加了韩国红参根在未来纳米技术应用中的价值。
