Quantitative evaluation of carbon emissions with mining technology development: a case study of an iron mine in China.

To quantitatively evaluate the carbon emission effects of various underground mining schemes in metal mines, a carbon emission calculation model specifically for underground metal mines was established. The carbon emissions stemming from the mine's production process were categorized into three components: carbon emissions from the production of consumed materials, fuel, and electricity; carbon emissions resulting from fuel combustion and explosive explosions, and the reduction of CO absorption due to the occupation of the surface industrial site. Subsequently, the carbon emission impact of underground metal mines was assessed using an example from an iron mine in Anhui Province, China. The results showed: (1) Among the underground mining processes, electricity consumption emerged as the primary source of carbon emissions. This underscores the potential for significant carbon emission reduction through the implementation of innovative electric power technologies in underground metal mines. (2) Mining methods with higher productivity showed clear advantages. They not only contribute to the reduction of carbon emissions per kiloton of ore from multiple perspectives but also led to a shorter mine lifespan and decreased CO absorption by woodlands occupied by the surface industrial site. Furthermore, these methods resulted in lower carbon emissions throughout the mine's lifespan. (3) Backfill mining proved to be effective in curbing tailings emissions and reducing the required area for a tailings pond. Consequently, this approach minimizes the CO absorption by woodlands occupied by the tailings pond.