染色体性别对心脏代谢健康和疾病的影响。
The impact of chromosomal sex on cardiometabolic health and disease.
机构信息
Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
出版信息
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Oct;34(10):652-665. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.07.003. Epub 2023 Aug 17.
Abstract
Many aspects of metabolism are sex-biased, from gene expression in metabolic tissues to the prevalence and presentation of cardiometabolic diseases. The influence of hormones produced by male and female gonads has been widely documented, but recent studies have begun to elucidate the impact of genetic sex (XX or XY chromosomes) on cellular and organismal metabolism. XX and XY cells have differential gene dosage conferred by specific genes that escape X chromosome inactivation or the presence of Y chromosome genes that are absent from XX cells. Studies in mouse models that dissociate chromosomal and gonadal sex have uncovered mechanisms for sex-biased epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in conditions such as obesity, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, autoimmune disease, and Alzheimer's disease.
摘要
许多代谢方面都是存在性别偏向的，从代谢组织中的基因表达，到心血管代谢疾病的流行和表现都是如此。由男性和女性性腺产生的激素的影响已被广泛记录，但最近的研究开始阐明遗传性别（XX 或 XY 染色体）对细胞和机体代谢的影响。XX 和 XY 细胞具有由特定基因赋予的差异基因剂量，这些特定基因逃避了 X 染色体失活，或者存在于 XX 细胞中不存在的 Y 染色体基因。在分离染色体和性腺性别关系的小鼠模型研究中，发现了肥胖、动脉粥样硬化、肺动脉高压、自身免疫性疾病和阿尔茨海默病等情况下性别偏向的基因表达的表观遗传、转录和转录后调控的机制。
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