Oluwole Oluwatoyin, Ibidapo Olubunmi, Arowosola Temiloluwa, Raji Fatima, Zandonadi Renata Puppin, Alasqah Ibrahim, Lho Linda Heejung, Han Heesup, Raposo António
Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria.
University of Brasília, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition Department, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Brazil.
Front Nutr. 2023 Aug 2;10:1226538. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1226538. eCollection 2023.
The world's population is currently growing at an exponential rate, which is estimated to be over 8 billion inhabitants as reported by United Nations on November 15, 2022. According to FAO, 870 million people out of this population do not have enough food to eat, with the vast majority of hungry people (98%) living in developing countries, where almost 15% of the population is undernourished. Furthermore, the world's population is estimated to come to 9 billion by 2050, which would incur severe food scarcity and would seriously hamper global food security. Food losses, especially post-harvest loss as a result of poor agricultural practices have also been reported to greatly impact the economy, the environment, and the livelihoods of low and medium countries and Sub-Saharan-African. Therefore, realistic options should be established for promoting sustainable agriculture systems, improving nutrition, and achieving food security to end hunger in our nations. This paper elucidates the drivers of food insecurity including food losses, escalating population growth, hunger, and food production, among others, and provided some transformation approaches such as value addition through appropriate and emerging food processing and preservation techniques, application of biotechnological options through genetically modified foods and functional foods consumption and integration of indigenous underutilized nutrient-dense food crops which could serve as all-inclusive and sustainable transformation options for enhanced food and nutrition security, especially in developing countries, which is where the hunger burden and the prevalence of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases are high.
目前，世界人口正以指数级速度增长，据联合国2022年11月15日报告，预计将超过80亿居民。根据联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）的数据，全球有8.7亿人没有足够的食物，其中绝大多数饥饿人口（98%）生活在发展中国家，这些国家近15%的人口营养不良。此外，预计到2050年世界人口将达到90亿，这将导致严重的粮食短缺，并严重阻碍全球粮食安全。据报道，粮食损失，尤其是由于不良农业做法导致的收获后损失，也对中低收入国家和撒哈拉以南非洲国家的经济、环境和生计产生了重大影响。因此，应制定切实可行的方案，以促进可持续农业系统、改善营养并实现粮食安全，从而消除各国的饥饿问题。本文阐述了粮食不安全的驱动因素，包括粮食损失、人口增长加剧、饥饿和粮食生产等，并提供了一些转型方法，如通过适当和新兴的食品加工及保存技术进行增值、通过食用转基因食品和功能性食品应用生物技术选项，以及整合未充分利用的本土营养密集型粮食作物，这些都可以作为全面且可持续的转型选项，以加强粮食和营养安全，特别是在饥饿负担以及营养不良和非传染性疾病患病率较高的发展中国家。
