Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia Marinha, IEAPM/ Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Departamento de Biotecnologia Marinha, Instituto de Estudos do Mar Almirante Paulo Moreira, Arraial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
PeerJ. 2023 Aug 14;11:e15731. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15731. eCollection 2023.
Marine biofouling is a natural process by which many organisms colonize and grow in submerged structures, causing serious economic consequences for the maritime industry. Geniculate calcareous algae (GCA; Corallinales, Rhodophyta) produce bioactive secondary metabolites and are a promise for new antifouling compounds. Here, we investigated the antifouling activity of four GCA species-, (formerly ), , and (formerly )-from the Brazilian coast against macro- and microorganisms. Simultaneously, metabolomic tools were applied to assess the chemical profiles of these seaweeds using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data analysis by principal component and molecular networking analyses used the global natural products social molecular networking platform (GNPS). Our results showed that all extracts were active against different strains of marine bacteria and that the . (JsSI) extract showed the highest percentage of bacterial inhibition. The (JsSI) extract was the most active against the mussel , showing 100% byssus inhibition. Regarding toxicity, only the (JcP) extract showed a 20% mortality rate. The chemical profiles of the evaluated GCA extracts differed qualitatively and quantitatively. Yet, the steroid (3)-cholest-5-en-3-ol was the major compound commonly identified in all extracts, with the exception of (JsSI). Moreover, we observed intra- and interspecific chemical variabilities among GCA extracts for the different populations, which could explain their antifouling activity variability. This study contributed new information about the chemical compounds produced by this group of seaweeds and showed its antifouling potential. These GCA species may be the subject of future studies to obtain new bioactive compounds with biotechnological potential in maritime areas.
海洋生物附着是许多生物在水下结构中定殖和生长的自然过程，给海洋产业带来了严重的经济后果。节状钙质海藻（GCAs；红藻门珊瑚藻目）产生生物活性次生代谢产物，是新型防污化合物的希望。在这里，我们研究了来自巴西海岸的四种 GCAs 物种——（以前称为）、、和（以前称为）对大型和微生物的防污活性。同时，应用代谢组学工具，使用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）评估这些海藻的化学特征。通过使用全球天然产物社会分子网络平台（GNPS）的主成分和分子网络分析进行数据分析。我们的结果表明，所有提取物都对不同的海洋细菌菌株具有活性，而. （JsSI）提取物显示出最高的细菌抑制百分比。. （JsSI）提取物对贻贝的贻贝壳抑制作用最强，达到 100%。关于毒性，只有. （JcP）提取物显示出 20%的死亡率。评估的 GCAs 提取物的化学特征在定性和定量上都有所不同。然而，类固醇（3）-胆甾-5-烯-3-醇是所有提取物中共同鉴定的主要化合物，. （JsSI）提取物除外。此外，我们观察到不同种群的 GCAs 提取物之间存在种内和种间的化学变异性，这可以解释它们防污活性的变异性。本研究提供了有关该组海藻产生的化学化合物的新信息，并展示了其防污潜力。这些 GCAs 物种可能成为未来在海洋领域获得具有生物技术潜力的新生物活性化合物的研究对象。
