Laboratório de Microcontaminantes Orgânicos e Ecotoxicologia Aquática - Instituto de Oceanografia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Caixa Postal, 474, Rio Grande, RS, CEP: 96203-900, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanologia (PPGO), Programa Nacional de Pós-Doutorado da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (PNPD-CAPES), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Sep;26(26):27112-27127. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-05744-4. Epub 2019 Jul 17.
In this study, we screened for the antifouling activity of 15 species plant extracts from Brazilian the Brazilian Caatinga Fabaceae against the initial colonization of natural marine bacterial biofilm. We also investigated the potential toxicity of extracts against planktonic and benthic non-target organisms. Aqueous extracts of plants collected in the Caatinga biome (PE, Brazil) were prepared and tested at different concentration levels (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 mg mL). Natural marine bacterial consortium was inoculated in multi-well plates and incubated with the different treatments for 48 h. The biofilm and planktonic bacterial density and biomass inhibition were evaluated along with biofilm biomass eradication. The extracts that showed the highest bacterial biofilm inhibition were evaluated for toxicity against microalgae and crustaceans. The biofilm and planktonic bacterial inhibition potential were evaluated through flow cytometry and spectrophotometry. The selected treatments were evaluated for their toxicity using the microalgae Chaetoceros calcitrans, the copepod Nitokra sp., and the brine shrimp Artemia salina as bioindicators. Our work demonstrates the biotechnological potential of Fabaceae plant compounds as a safe antifouling alternative. Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil fruits and Apuleia leiocarpa leaf extracts showed antibiofilm activity (≥ 80%), while Myroxylon peruiferum and Dioclea grandiflora leaf extracts showed antibiotic activity. These extracts were safe to planktonic and benthic non-target organisms. The results of this study point to potential substitutes to highly toxic antifouling paints and shed light on the prospect of a yet to be explored biome for more sustainable alternatives in biofouling research.
在这项研究中，我们筛选了来自巴西卡廷加地区 15 种植物提取物对天然海洋细菌生物膜初始定植的抗污活性。我们还研究了提取物对浮游生物和底栖非目标生物的潜在毒性。从巴西卡廷加生物群系（PE）采集的植物水提物在不同浓度水平（0、0.5、1、2、4 和 8mg/mL）下进行了制备和测试。将天然海洋细菌混合物接种在多孔板中，并与不同的处理一起孵育 48 小时。评估了生物膜和浮游细菌密度和生物量抑制以及生物膜生物量消除。对显示出最高细菌生物膜抑制作用的提取物进行了评估，以研究其对微藻和甲壳类动物的毒性。通过流式细胞术和分光光度法评估了生物膜和浮游细菌的抑制潜力。选择的处理方法用微藻 Chaetoceros calcitrans、桡足类 Nitokra sp. 和卤虫 Artemia salina 作为生物标志物进行了毒性评估。我们的工作证明了豆科植物化合物作为安全抗污替代品的生物技术潜力。Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil 果实和 Apuleia leiocarpa 叶提取物具有抗生物膜活性（≥80%），而 Myroxylon peruiferum 和 Dioclea grandiflora 叶提取物具有抗生素活性。这些提取物对浮游生物和底栖非目标生物是安全的。本研究的结果表明了潜在的替代品，可以替代高度有毒的防污涂料，并为生物污损研究中尚未探索的生物群系探索更可持续的替代品提供了新的思路。
