Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N. Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Univ Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 30;20(19):4863. doi: 10.3390/ijms20194863.
Biofouling causes major economic losses in the maritime industry. In our site study, the Bay of La Paz (Gulf of California), biofouling on immersed structures is a major problem and is treated mostly with copper-based antifouling paints. Due to the known environmental effect of such treatments, the search for environmentally friendly alternatives in this zone of high biodiversity is a priority to ensure the conservation and protection of species. The aim of this work was to link chemical ecology to marine biotechnology: indeed, the natural defense of macroalgae and sponge was evaluated against biofoulers (biofilm and macrofoulers) from the same geographical zone, and some coatings formulation was done for field assays. Our approach combines in vitro and field bioassays to ensure the selection of the best AF agent prospects. The 1st step consisted of the selection of macroalgae (5 species) and sponges (2 species) with surfaces harboring a low level of colonizers; then extracts were prepared and assayed for toxicity against , activity towards key marine bacteria involved in biofilm formation in the Bay of La Paz, and the potency to inhibit adhesion of macroorganisms (phenoloxidase assays). The most active and non-toxic extracts were further studied for biofouling activity in the adhesion of the bacteria involved in biofilm formation and through incorporation in marine coatings which were immersed in La Paz Bay during 40 days. In vitro assays demonstrated that extracts of (macroalgae), and sp. (sponges) were the most promising. The field test results were of high interest as the best formulation were composed of extracts of and and led to a reduction of 32% of biofouling compared with the control.
生物污垢给海洋工业造成了重大的经济损失。在我们的现场研究中，拉巴斯湾（加利福尼亚湾）的水下结构物上存在严重的生物污垢问题，主要采用含铜的防污涂料进行处理。由于这种处理方法对环境的已知影响，因此在这个高生物多样性的区域寻找环保替代品是当务之急，以确保物种的保护和保存。这项工作的目的是将化学生态学与海洋生物技术联系起来：事实上，我们评估了来自同一地理区域的生物污垢（生物膜和大型污垢）对大型藻类和海绵的天然防御能力，并进行了一些涂层配方的现场试验。我们的方法结合了体外和现场生物测定，以确保选择出最有前景的防污剂。第一步是选择表面生物污垢（生物膜和大型污垢）较少的大型藻类（5 种）和海绵（2 种）；然后制备提取物并进行毒性测试，以评估其对海湾拉巴斯关键海洋细菌生物膜形成的活性，以及抑制大型生物附着的能力（酚氧化酶测定）。最活跃和无毒的提取物进一步研究了其在细菌生物膜形成中的附着活性，以及通过将其掺入海洋涂料中，这些涂料在拉巴斯湾浸泡了 40 天。体外试验表明，（大型藻类）和 sp.（海绵）的提取物最有前景。现场试验结果非常有趣，因为最佳配方由 和 的提取物组成，与对照相比，生物污垢减少了 32%。
