Danielli Ethan, Simard Nicholas, DeMatteo Carol A, Kumbhare Dinesh, Ulmer Stephan, Noseworthy Michael D
School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Imaging Research Centre, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Front Neurol. 2023 Aug 3;14:1136367. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1136367. eCollection 2023.
The human brain is an exceptionally complex organ that is comprised of billions of neurons. Therefore, when a traumatic event such as a concussion occurs, somatic, cognitive, behavioral, and sleep impairments are the common outcome. Each concussion is unique in the sense that the magnitude of biomechanical forces and the direction, rotation, and source of those forces are different for each concussive event. This helps to explain the unpredictable nature of post-concussion symptoms that can arise and resolve. The purpose of this narrative review is to connect the anatomical location, healthy function, and associated post-concussion symptoms of some major cerebral gray and white matter brain regions and the cerebellum. As a non-exhaustive description of post-concussion symptoms nor comprehensive inclusion of all brain regions, we have aimed to amalgamate the research performed for specific brain regions into a single article to clarify and enhance clinical and research concussion assessment. The current status of concussion diagnosis is highly subjective and primarily based on self-report of symptoms, so this review may be able to provide a connection between brain anatomy and the clinical presentation of concussions to enhance medical imaging assessments. By explaining anatomical relevance in terms of clinical concussion symptom presentation, an increased understanding of concussions may also be achieved to improve concussion recognition and diagnosis.
人类大脑是一个极其复杂的器官，由数十亿个神经元组成。因此，当发生诸如脑震荡这样的创伤性事件时，躯体、认知、行为和睡眠障碍是常见的后果。每次脑震荡都是独特的，因为生物力学力的大小以及这些力的方向、旋转和来源在每次脑震荡事件中都有所不同。这有助于解释可能出现和缓解的脑震荡后症状的不可预测性。这篇叙述性综述的目的是将一些主要的大脑灰质和白质区域以及小脑的解剖位置、正常功能和相关的脑震荡后症状联系起来。作为对脑震荡后症状的非详尽描述，也并非对所有脑区的全面涵盖，我们旨在将针对特定脑区的研究整合到一篇文章中，以阐明并加强临床和研究中的脑震荡评估。目前脑震荡的诊断高度主观，主要基于症状的自我报告，因此本综述或许能够在脑解剖结构与脑震荡临床表现之间建立联系，以加强医学影像评估。通过从临床脑震荡症状表现的角度解释解剖学相关性，或许还能增进对脑震荡的理解，从而改善脑震荡的识别与诊断。
