School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
Br J Psychol. 2024 Feb;115(1):51-65. doi: 10.1111/bjop.12677. Epub 2023 Aug 21.
The Morality-Agency-Communion (MAC) model of respect and liking suggests that traits linked with morality are important for respect and liking; traits related to competence or assertiveness are important for respect and traits related to warmth are important for liking. However, tests of this model have tended not to consider traits related to immorality, incompetence, lack of assertiveness or coldness. This study addressed this issue by utilizing a within-subjects design in which participants were required to rate their respect and liking for individuals with specific trait types across four categories (moral; competence; assertiveness; and warmth) at three levels (positive, negative and neutral). The central tenets of the MAC model were supported for 'positive' traits (morality, competence, assertiveness and warmth). However, for 'negative' traits (immorality, incompetence and lack of assertiveness), individuals were similarly not liked and not respected. Individuals who were cold were respected more than liked. The findings of this study extend the MAC model by indicating that the amount that individuals are respected versus liked depends not only on trait type but also whether a trait is positive or negative.
尊重与喜欢的道德-能动性-联系（MAC）模型表明，与道德相关的特质对于尊重和喜欢很重要；与能力或果断相关的特质对于尊重很重要，而与温暖相关的特质对于喜欢很重要。然而，该模型的测试往往没有考虑到与不道德、无能、缺乏果断或冷漠相关的特质。本研究通过使用被试内设计解决了这个问题，要求参与者在四个类别（道德、能力、果断和温暖）的三个水平（积极、消极和中性）上对具有特定特质类型的个体的尊重和喜欢进行评分。MAC 模型的核心原则得到了支持，适用于“积极”特质（道德、能力、果断和温暖）。然而，对于“消极”特质（不道德、无能和缺乏果断），个体同样不受欢迎也不受尊重。冷漠的人受到的尊重多于喜欢。本研究的发现通过表明个体受到的尊重与喜欢的程度不仅取决于特质类型，还取决于特质是积极的还是消极的，扩展了 MAC 模型。
