Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neuroscience, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1438 South Grand Boulevard, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
CNS Drugs. 2023 Sep;37(9):797-817. doi: 10.1007/s40263-023-01031-6. Epub 2023 Aug 21.
In 2021, the Global Brain Health Supplement Industry Market size was valued at US$7.6 billion. It is predicted to increase to US$15.59 billion by 2030. Memory and its enhancement are a segment of the market that comprised the highest global revenue share in 2021. In the USA alone, dietary supplement sales reached US$18 billion in 2018. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not have the authority to approve dietary supplements' safety, effectiveness, or labeling before products go on the market. The FDA often does not even review supplements before they go to market. Supplement manufacturers are thus responsible for ensuring their products are safe and that their claims are truthful. An extensive review of current supplements on the market was performed by surveying memory products for sale at local and national pharmacies and grocery stores. A list of 103 supplements was compiled and the ingredients in these memory supplements were reviewed. The 18 most common ingredients in these supplements were identified. Each of the supplements included at least one of the 18 most common ingredients. Scientific data relative to these ingredients and their effect on memory was searched using PubMed and Cochrane library databases. Currently, there is no compelling evidence for use of apoaequorin, coenzyme Q10, coffee extracts, L-theanine, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B6, vitamin B9, or vitamin B12 supplementation for memory. On the other hand, there is some current evidence for memory benefit from supplementation with ashwagandha, choline, curcumin, ginger, Lion's Mane, polyphenols, phosphatidylserine, and turmeric. There are current studies with mixed results regarding the benefit of carnitine, gingko biloba, Huperzine A, vitamin D, and vitamin E supplementation for memory. Dietary supplements geared toward improving cognition are a billion-dollar industry that continues to grow despite lacking a solid scientific foundation for their marketing claims. More rigorous studies are needed relative to the long-term use of these supplements in homogenous populations with standardized measurements of cognition. Health care providers need to be aware of any and all supplements their older adult patients may be consuming and be educated about their side effects and interactions with prescription medications. Lastly, the FDA needs to take an active position relative to monitoring marketed supplements regarding safety, purity and claims of efficacy.
2021 年，全球大脑保健补充剂行业市场规模为 76 亿美元。预计到 2030 年将增长到 155.9 亿美元。在 2021 年，记忆及其增强是市场中全球收入份额最高的部分。仅在美国，2018 年膳食补充剂的销售额就达到 180 亿美元。美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 无权在产品上市前批准膳食补充剂的安全性、有效性或标签。FDA 甚至在产品上市前通常都不审查补充剂。因此，补充剂制造商有责任确保其产品安全，并且其声明真实。对市场上当前补充剂进行了广泛审查，通过调查当地和全国药店和杂货店销售的记忆产品来完成。编制了一份 103 种补充剂的清单，并审查了这些记忆补充剂中的成分。确定了这些补充剂中最常见的 18 种成分。这些补充剂中的每一种都至少包含 18 种最常见成分中的一种。使用 PubMed 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库搜索与这些成分及其对记忆的影响相关的科学数据。目前，没有令人信服的证据表明使用 apoaequorin、辅酶 Q10、咖啡提取物、L-茶氨酸、欧米伽-3 脂肪酸、维生素 B6、维生素 B9 或维生素 B12 补充剂对记忆有益。另一方面，有一些关于补充 ashwagandha、胆碱、姜黄素、生姜、Lion's Mane、多酚、磷脂酰丝氨酸和 turmeric 对记忆有益的当前证据。关于肉碱、银杏叶、石杉碱甲、维生素 D 和维生素 E 补充剂对记忆有益的研究结果好坏参半。针对改善认知的膳食补充剂是一个价值数十亿美元的行业，尽管其营销声称缺乏坚实的科学基础，但它仍在继续增长。需要对这些补充剂在具有标准化认知测量的同质人群中的长期使用进行更严格的研究。医疗保健提供者需要了解其老年患者可能正在服用的任何和所有补充剂，并了解其副作用以及与处方药的相互作用。最后，FDA 需要积极采取行动，监测市场上补充剂的安全性、纯度和功效声称。
