Consortium for Health and Military Performance, Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD.
Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
J Altern Complement Med. 2020 Apr;26(4):265-272. doi: 10.1089/acm.2019.0447. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
Dietary supplements targeting brain health have quickly emerged in the marketplace as cognitive performance becomes an important public health issue. While manufacturers are required to report the exact ingredients and formulations listed on the Supplement Facts labels of products, many reports have indicated such labels are not always truthful, and the content of some products is inconsistent with the ingredients listed on the Supplement Facts label. To identify dietary supplement products and ingredients marketed for brain health and cognitive performance and perform analyses of select products to verify whether purported claims are truthful and product labels accurate. A scoping review was performed to identify products and ingredients. Products were selected for content analysis, investigated for scientific-sounding claims made, and assessed using an educational tool for potential red flags when reading Supplement Facts labels. Twelve products were selected from the 650 products being marketed for brain health and queried about by Service Members. Eight (67%) had at least one ingredient listed on the Supplement Facts label not detected through analysis. Compounds not reported on the label were detected in 10 (83%) products. Scientific-sounding claims made are not supported by science and red flags are presented. There are dietary supplements targeting brain health being marketed to consumers that should be considered adulterated and misbranded. Advertisements and product labels may be deceiving and could put the public at risk. Education is required so that the public can recognize red flags while the U.S. Food and Drug Administration works to "modernize" the current regulations for dietary supplements.
随着认知表现成为一个重要的公共卫生问题，针对大脑健康的膳食补充剂迅速在市场上崭露头角。虽然制造商被要求在产品的“补充事实”标签上报告确切的成分和配方，但许多报告表明，这些标签并不总是真实的，并且一些产品的内容与“补充事实”标签上列出的成分不一致。本研究旨在识别针对大脑健康和认知表现的膳食补充剂产品和成分，并对选定产品进行分析，以验证声称是否真实，产品标签是否准确。进行了范围审查以识别产品和成分。选择产品进行内容分析，调查其是否有听起来科学的声称，并使用阅读“补充事实”标签的潜在警示工具进行评估。从正在销售的 650 种针对大脑健康的产品中选择了 12 种产品，并对军人进行了查询。其中 8 种（67%）的产品至少有一种成分未通过分析检测到标签上列出。在 10 种（83%）产品中检测到未报告在标签上的化合物。声称具有科学依据，但实际上没有科学依据，且存在警示标志。有针对消费者的针对大脑健康的膳食补充剂正在被销售，应被视为掺假和贴错标签的产品。广告和产品标签可能具有欺骗性，可能会使公众面临风险。需要进行教育，以便公众在食品和药物管理局努力“使现行的膳食补充剂法规现代化”的同时，能够识别警示标志。
