College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 20;900:166314. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166314. Epub 2023 Aug 19.
Methylsiloxanes (MSs) are widely used in industrial production and have attracted much attention due to their potential health risks to humans. MSs are present in emissions from petroleum refining, and it is therefore important to assess the health risks to residents living near refineries. In this study, we evaluated the pollution characteristics and human exposure risks of three cyclic MS (CMS) oligomers (D4-D6) in areas upwind and downwind of a petroleum refinery. The concentrations of total CMSs were 4-33 times higher in the downwind than upwind areas. At the same sampling site, the concentrations of CMSs were higher indoors than outdoors. The maximum concentration of CMSs was found in the indoor environment 200 m downwind of the petroleum refinery (75 μg/m in air and 2.3 μg/g in dust). The concentrations and detection rates of CMSs in plasma samples were higher in the downwind than upwind residents. Although residents living downwind of the petroleum refinery were a non-occupationally exposed population, they should be considered a highly CMS-exposed population because of their extremely high internal exposure doses. Inhalation exposure was the main source of CMSs in the plasma of these residents. When different exposure pathways were investigated, inhalation exposure was the major contributor to the average daily dose in residents of locations near the petroleum refinery, whereas the dermal absorption of personal care products was the major contributor at other sites. Although the overall risks of exposure to total CMSs were below the chronic reference dose for all exposure pathways, the combined joint toxic effects of various CMSs remain unclear. Further studies are therefore required to determine the exposure risks and subsequent health effects of CMSs for the residents of these areas.
甲基硅氧烷（MSs）广泛应用于工业生产，由于其对人类潜在的健康风险而备受关注。MSs 存在于石油炼制过程中的排放物中，因此评估居住在炼油厂附近的居民的健康风险非常重要。在这项研究中，我们评估了石油炼制厂上风和下风地区三种环状 MS（CMS）低聚物（D4-D6）的污染特征和人体暴露风险。下风地区总 CMSs 的浓度比上风地区高 4-33 倍。在同一采样点，室内 CMSs 浓度高于室外。在距离石油炼油厂 200 米下风处的室内环境中发现 CMSs 的浓度最高（空气中 75μg/m3，灰尘中 2.3μg/g）。下风地区居民的 CMSs 浓度和检出率高于上风地区居民。尽管居住在石油炼油厂下风地区的居民是非职业暴露人群，但由于其极高的内部暴露剂量，应被视为高度暴露于 CMS 的人群。吸入暴露是这些居民血浆中 CMSs 的主要来源。在研究不同暴露途径时，吸入暴露是居住在石油炼油厂附近居民的平均日剂量的主要来源，而个人护理产品的皮肤吸收是其他地点的主要来源。尽管所有暴露途径的总 CMSs 暴露风险均低于慢性参考剂量，但各种 CMSs 的联合毒性作用仍不清楚。因此，需要进一步研究以确定这些地区居民接触 CMSs 的暴露风险及其随后的健康影响。
