Imperial College London, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, U.K.
Biosci Rep. 2023 Sep 27;43(9). doi: 10.1042/BSR20230372.
Nucleotide composition plays a crucial role in the structure, function and recognition of RNA molecules. During infection, virus RNA is exposed to multiple endogenous proteins that detect local or global compositional biases and interfere with virus replication. Recent advancements in RNA:protein mapping technologies have enabled the identification of general RNA-binding preferences in the human proteome at basal level and in the context of virus infection. In this review, we explore how cellular proteins recognise nucleotide composition in virus RNA and the impact these interactions have on virus replication. Protein-binding G-rich and C-rich sequences are common examples of how host factors detect and limit infection, and, in contrast, viruses may have evolved to purge their genomes from such motifs. We also give examples of how human RNA-binding proteins inhibit virus replication, not only by destabilising virus RNA, but also by interfering with viral protein translation and genome encapsidation. Understanding the interplay between cellular proteins and virus RNA composition can provide insights into host-virus interactions and uncover potential targets for antiviral strategies.
核苷酸组成在 RNA 分子的结构、功能和识别中起着至关重要的作用。在感染过程中，病毒 RNA 会暴露于多种内源性蛋白质中，这些蛋白质可以检测到局部或全局的组成偏好，并干扰病毒的复制。最近，RNA-蛋白质图谱技术的进步使得人们能够在基础水平和病毒感染的情况下，在人类蛋白质组中识别出一般的 RNA 结合偏好。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了细胞蛋白如何识别病毒 RNA 中的核苷酸组成，以及这些相互作用对病毒复制的影响。富含 G 和 C 的蛋白质结合序列是宿主因子检测和限制感染的常见例子，相反，病毒可能已经进化出清除基因组中这些基序的方法。我们还举例说明了人类 RNA 结合蛋白如何通过破坏病毒 RNA 以及干扰病毒蛋白翻译和基因组包装来抑制病毒复制。了解细胞蛋白与病毒 RNA 组成之间的相互作用可以深入了解宿主-病毒相互作用，并揭示抗病毒策略的潜在靶点。
