Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, China.
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Aug 7;11:1232715. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1232715. eCollection 2023.
In recent years, air pollution caused by co-occurring PM and O, named combined air pollution (CAP), has been observed in Beijing, China, although the health effects of CAP on population mortality are unclear.
We employed Poisson generalized additive models (GAMs) to evaluate the individual and joint effects of PM and O on mortality (nonaccidental, respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality) in Beijing, China, during the whole period (2014-2016) and the CAP period. Adverse health effects were assessed for percentage increases (%) in the three mortality categories with each 10-μg/m increase in PM and O. The cumulative risk index () was adopted as a novel approach to quantify the joint effects.
The results suggested that both PM and O exhibited the greatest individual effects on the three mortality categories with cumulative lag day 01. Increases in the nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality categories were 0.32%, 0.36%, and 0.43% for PM (lag day 01) and 0.22%, 0.37%, and 0.25% for O (lag day 01), respectively. There were remarkably synergistic interactions between PM and O on the three mortality categories. The study showed that the combined effects of PM and O on nonaccidental, cardiovascular, and respiratory mortality were 0.34%, 0.43%, and 0.46%, respectively, during the whole period and 0.58%, 0.79%, and 0.75%, respectively, during the CAP period. Our findings suggest that combined exposure to PM and O, particularly during CAP periods, could further exacerbate their single-pollutant health risks.
These findings provide essential scientific evidence for the possible creation and implementation of environmental protection strategies by policymakers.
近年来，中国北京出现了由 PM 和 O 共同引起的空气污染，称为复合空气污染（CAP），但其对人群死亡率的健康影响尚不清楚。
我们采用泊松广义相加模型（GAMs）评估了 PM 和 O 对中国北京全时期（2014-2016 年）和 CAP 时期死亡率（非意外、呼吸和心血管死亡率）的单独和联合影响。评估了每增加 10μg/m3 的 PM 和 O 对三种死亡率增加的有害健康影响（%）。采用累积风险指数（）作为一种新方法来量化联合效应。
结果表明，PM 和 O 在全时期累积滞后 01 天对三种死亡率均具有最大的单独影响。非意外、心血管和呼吸死亡率分别增加了 0.32%、0.36%和 0.43%（PM，滞后 01 天）和 0.22%、0.37%和 0.25%（O，滞后 01 天）。PM 和 O 对三种死亡率均具有显著的协同交互作用。研究表明，PM 和 O 的联合作用对非意外、心血管和呼吸死亡率的影响分别为全时期的 0.34%、0.43%和 0.46%，CAP 时期的 0.58%、0.79%和 0.75%。研究结果表明，PM 和 O 的联合暴露，尤其是在 CAP 期间，可能会进一步加剧它们单一污染物的健康风险。
这些发现为政策制定者制定和实施环境保护策略提供了重要的科学依据。
