Harrison Amy, Francesconi Marta, Flouri Eirini
Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Front Psychol. 2022 Mar 16;13:743947. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.743947. eCollection 2022.
Psychiatric disorders like eating disorders (EDs) might be underpinned by differences in decision making. However, little previous research has investigated this potential relationship using longitudinal data. This study aimed to understand how components of decision making (delay aversion, risk adjustment, risk taking, quality of decision making and deliberation time) measured by the Cambridge Gambling Task in the United Kingdom's Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; = 11,303; female = 50.17%) at age 11 might explain clusters/types of ED prodrome involving body dissatisfaction, intention to lose weight, dietary restraint, excessive exercise and significant under/overweight measured in the MCS at age 14. Latent class analysis revealed two groups within the cohort: a non-prodromal eating pathology group, who were more likely to be of "average" weight, according to the UK90, with minimal disordered attitudes and behaviors in relation to eating and weight; and a second group with prodromal eating pathology, who had more body dissatisfaction, a desire to lose weight, were using dietary restriction and exercise to influence weight and were more likely to be "overweight" according to the UK90. Logistic regression showed that, after adjustment for confounding, higher risk-taking scores were associated with a 60% greater probability of being in the prodromal eating pathology group ( = 0.47, OR = 1.60, < 0.01), and higher scores on quality of decision making were associated with a 30% lower probability of being in the prodromal eating pathology group ( = -0.34, OR = 0.70, < 0.05). Helping young people to engage in moderate risk taking and improving decision making might reduce the later presence of ED prodromes.
诸如饮食失调（EDs）等精神疾病可能是由决策差异所导致的。然而，此前很少有研究使用纵向数据来探究这种潜在关系。本研究旨在了解在英国千禧队列研究（MCS；n = 11303；女性占50.17%）中，11岁时通过剑桥赌博任务所测量的决策组成部分（延迟厌恶、风险调整、冒险、决策质量和审议时间）如何解释在MCS中14岁时所测量的涉及身体不满、减肥意图、饮食限制、过度运动以及显著的体重过轻/过重的饮食失调前驱症状的集群/类型。潜在类别分析揭示了队列中的两组：一个非前驱性饮食病理学组，根据英国90标准，他们更有可能体重“正常”，在饮食和体重方面的紊乱态度和行为最少；另一组是前驱性饮食病理学组，他们有更多的身体不满，有减肥的愿望，正在使用饮食限制和运动来影响体重，并且根据英国90标准更有可能“超重”。逻辑回归显示，在对混杂因素进行调整后，较高的冒险得分与处于前驱性饮食病理学组的可能性高60%相关（β = 0.47，OR = 1.60，p < 0.01），而较高的决策质量得分与处于前驱性饮食病理学组的可能性低30%相关（β = -0.34，OR = 表0.70，p < 0.05）。帮助年轻人适度冒险并改善决策可能会减少后期饮食失调前驱症状的出现。
