Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2023 Nov 14;60(6):1388-1397. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjad112.
House flies (Musca domestica Linnaeus) are vectors of human and animal pathogens at livestock operations. Microbial communities in flies are acquired from, and correlate with, their local environment. However, variation among microbial communities carried by flies from farms in different geographical areas is not well understood. We characterized bacterial communities of female house flies collected from beef and dairy farms in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska using 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and PCR. Bacterial community composition in house flies was affected by farm type and location. While the shared number of taxa between flies from beef or dairy farms was low, those taxa accounted >97% of the total bacterial community abundance. Bacterial species richness was 4% greater in flies collected from beef than in those collected from dairy farms and varied by farm type within states. Several potential pathogenic taxa were highly prevalent, comprising a core bacterial community in house flies from cattle farms. Prevalence of the pathogens Moraxella bovis and Moraxella bovoculi was greater in flies from beef farms relative to those collected on dairy cattle farms. House flies also carried bacteria with multiple tetracycline and florfenicol resistance genes. This study suggests that the house flies are significant reservoirs and disseminators of microbial threats to human and cattle health.
家蝇（Musca domestica Linnaeus）是畜牧业中人类和动物病原体的载体。蝇类体内的微生物群落来源于其所处的局部环境，并与该环境相关联。然而，在不同地理区域的农场中，由蝇类携带的微生物群落之间的差异尚不清楚。我们使用 16S rDNA 扩增子测序和 PCR 技术，对来自俄克拉荷马州、堪萨斯州和内布拉斯加州的肉牛和奶牛养殖场的雌性家蝇进行了细菌群落特征分析。家蝇体内的细菌群落组成受农场类型和地理位置的影响。虽然来自肉牛或奶牛养殖场的家蝇之间共享的分类单元数量很少，但这些分类单元占总细菌群落丰度的>97%。来自肉牛养殖场的家蝇的细菌物种丰富度比来自奶牛养殖场的家蝇高 4%，且在各州内，这种差异因农场类型而异。一些潜在的致病性分类单元高度流行，构成了牛场家蝇的核心细菌群落。与从奶牛养殖场采集的家蝇相比，来自肉牛养殖场的家蝇中莫拉氏菌（Moraxella bovis 和 Moraxella bovoculi）的流行率更高。家蝇还携带具有多种四环素和氟苯尼考耐药基因的细菌。本研究表明，家蝇是对人类和牛健康构成威胁的微生物的重要储存库和传播者。
