Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
Curr Microbiol. 2024 Oct 30;81(12):433. doi: 10.1007/s00284-024-03870-y.
Adult house flies (Musca domestica L.) are important reservoirs and mechanical vectors of bacteria in livestock operations. House fly bacterial communities are influenced by their local environment, yet a comprehensive understanding of bacterial diversity, pathogen prevalence, and bacterial source is not fully understood. We characterized bacterial communities from adult female house flies and associated manure samples from beef and dairy cattle farms in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas over four months (July-October). Bacterial community composition in flies and manure reflected the local environment, and house flies shared the majority (≥ 99%) of bacterial taxa with manure. The variability of bacterial diversity was greater among individual fly (species richness range: 48-1747) samples than manure (species richness range: 345-1162). Temporal variability of fly bacterial diversity was observed within each farm type. Bacterial taxa of veterinary and medical importance such as Corynebacterium, Turicibacter, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Acinetobacter were highly prevalent in flies, constituting core bacterial communities. The prevalence of bacterial taxa associated with bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) and bovine respiratory disease (BRD) was higher in flies than in manure and prevalence varied monthly. This study underscores the crucial role house flies play as carriers of cattle pathogens, contributing to their dissemination among animals and to off-site locations, where they pose a threat to surrounding communities and agricultural operations.
成年家蝇（Musca domestica L.）是畜牧业中细菌的重要储存库和机械传播媒介。家蝇细菌群落受其局部环境的影响，但对细菌多样性、病原体流行率和细菌来源的全面了解还不完全清楚。我们对堪萨斯州、俄克拉荷马州和德克萨斯州的肉牛和奶牛养殖场的成年雌性家蝇及其相关粪便样本进行了四个月（7 月至 10 月）的细菌群落特征分析。蝇和粪便中的细菌群落组成反映了当地环境，并且家蝇与粪便共享了大部分（≥99%）的细菌分类群。个体蝇（物种丰富度范围：48-1747）样本的细菌多样性变化大于粪便（物种丰富度范围：345-1162）。在每种农场类型中都观察到了蝇细菌多样性的时间变化。兽医和医学上重要的细菌分类群，如棒状杆菌属、图里西杆菌属、葡萄球菌属、链球菌属和不动杆菌属，在家蝇中高度流行，构成了核心细菌群落。与牛角膜结膜炎（IBK）和牛呼吸道疾病（BRD）相关的细菌分类群在家蝇中的流行率高于粪便，且每月变化。这项研究强调了家蝇作为牛病原体携带者的关键作用，它们在家畜之间以及场外的传播，对周围社区和农业运营构成了威胁。
