Department of Network and Data Science, Central European University, Vienna, Austria.
Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 23;13(1):13757. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39922-9.
Several studies have highlighted the potential contribution of gender diversity to creativity, also noted challenges stemming from conflicts and a deficit of trust. Thus, we argue that gender diversity requires inclusion as well to see increased collective creativity. We analyzed teams in 4011 video game projects, recording weighted network data from past collaborations. We developed four measures of inclusion, based on de-segregation, strong ties across genders, and the incorporation of women into the core of the team's network. We measured creativity by the distinctiveness of game features compared to prior games. Our results show that gender diversity without inclusion does not contribute to creativity, while at maximal inclusion one standard deviation change in diversity results in .04-.09 standard deviation increase in creativity. On the flipside, at maximal inclusion but low diversity (when there is a 'token' female team member highly integrated in a male network) we see a negative impact on creativity. Considering the history of game projects in a developer firm, we see that adding diversity first, and developing inclusion later can lead to higher diversity and inclusion, compared to the alternative of recruiting developers with already existing cross-gender ties. This suggests that developer firms should encourage building inclusive collaboration ties in-house.
一些研究强调了性别多样性对创造力的潜在贡献，同时也指出了源自冲突和信任缺失的挑战。因此，我们认为性别多样性需要包容才能提高集体创造力。我们分析了 4011 个视频游戏项目中的团队，记录了过去合作的加权网络数据。我们基于去隔离、跨性别强联系以及女性融入团队网络核心，开发了四种包容度衡量标准。我们通过与之前的游戏相比游戏特色的独特性来衡量创造力。我们的研究结果表明，没有包容的性别多样性不会对创造力产生贡献，而在最大包容度下，多样性的一个标准差变化会导致创造力增加 0.04-0.09 个标准差。另一方面，在最大包容度但多样性较低的情况下（当一个“象征性”的女性团队成员高度融入男性网络时），我们会看到创造力受到负面影响。考虑到游戏项目在开发公司的历史，我们发现与招募已经存在跨性别联系的开发人员相比，先增加多样性，后发展包容性，会导致更高的多样性和包容性。这表明开发公司应该鼓励内部建立包容性的合作联系。
