Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2023;23(2):86-94. doi: 10.2174/1871524923666230823094403.
Depression and anxiety are the most common mental disorders worldwide.
We aimed to review silymarin and silibinin effects and underlying mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) for depression and anxiety treatment.
The research protocol was prepared based on following the PRISMA statement. An extensive search was done in essential databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science (ISI), Embase, and Scopus. Considering the study inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 studies were finally included. The desired information was extracted from the studies and recorded in Excel, and the consequences and mechanisms were reviewed.
Silymarin and silibinin upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and improved neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation in the cortex and hippocampus. They also increased neurochemical serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) levels. Silymarin and silibinin reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and increased glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities. In addition, silymarin and silibinin reduced interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and IL-12β, reducing tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) induced neuroinflammation.
Silymarin and silibinin exert anti-depression and anxiolytic effects by regulating neurotransmitters, endocrine, neurogenesis, and immunologic systems. Therefore, as natural and complementary medicines, they can be used to reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety; However, more clinical studies are needed in this field.
抑郁和焦虑是全球最常见的精神障碍。
我们旨在综述水飞蓟素和水飞蓟宾在中枢神经系统（CNS）中治疗抑郁和焦虑的作用及潜在机制。
研究方案是根据 PRISMA 声明制定的。在 PubMed、Cochrane 图书馆、Web of Science（ISI）、Embase 和 Scopus 等重要数据库中进行了广泛搜索。考虑到研究的纳入和排除标准，最终纳入了 17 项研究。从研究中提取所需信息并记录在 Excel 中，并对结果和机制进行了综述。
水飞蓟素和水飞蓟宾可上调脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF），促进皮质和海马中的神经干细胞（NSCs）增殖。它们还可增加神经递质 5-羟色胺（5-HT）、多巴胺（DA）和去甲肾上腺素（NE）的水平。水飞蓟素和水飞蓟宾可减少丙二醛（MDA）的形成，增加谷胱甘肽（GSH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性。此外，水飞蓟素和水飞蓟宾可减少白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-1β 和 IL-12β 的产生，从而减轻肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）诱导的神经炎症。
水飞蓟素和水飞蓟宾通过调节神经递质、内分泌、神经发生和免疫系统发挥抗抑郁和抗焦虑作用。因此，作为天然和补充药物，它们可用于减轻抑郁和焦虑症状；然而，该领域还需要更多的临床研究。
