Giacobbo Alexandre, Pasqualotto Isabella Franco, Machado Filho Rafael Cabeleira de Coronel, Minhalma Miguel, Bernardes Andréa Moura, Pinho Maria Norberta de
Post-Graduation Program in Mining, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (PPGE3M), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves n. 9500, Porto Alegre 91509-900, Brazil.
Centre of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials (CeFEMA), Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, n. 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
Membranes (Basel). 2023 Aug 19;13(8):743. doi: 10.3390/membranes13080743.
The present work investigates nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) for the removal of three widely used pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), namely atenolol, sulfamethoxazole, and rosuvastatin. Four membranes, two polyamide NF membranes (NF90 and NF270) and two polyethersulfone UF membranes (XT and ST), were evaluated in terms of productivity (permeate flux) and selectivity (rejection of PhACs) at pressures from 2 to 8 bar. Although the UF membranes have a much higher molecular weight cut-off (1000 and 10,000 Da), when compared to the molecular weight of the PhACs (253-482 Da), moderate rejections were observed. For UF, rejections were dependent on the molecular weight and charge of the PhACs, membrane molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), and operating pressure, demonstrating that electrostatic interactions play an important role in the removal of PhACs, especially at low operating pressures. On the other hand, both NF membranes displayed high rejections for all PhACs studied (75-98%). Hence, considering the optimal operating conditions, the NF270 membrane (MWCO = 400 Da) presented the best performance, achieving permeate fluxes of about 100 kg h m and rejections above 80% at a pressure of 8 bar, that is, a productivity of about twice that of the NF90 membrane (MWCO = 200 Da). Therefore, NF270 was the most suitable membrane for this application, although the tight UF membranes under low operating pressures displayed satisfactory results.
本研究考察了纳滤（NF）和超滤（UF）对三种广泛使用的药物活性化合物（PhACs），即阿替洛尔、磺胺甲恶唑和瑞舒伐他汀的去除效果。评估了四种膜，两种聚酰胺纳滤膜（NF90和NF270）以及两种聚醚砜超滤膜（XT和ST），考察了在2至8巴压力下的产率（渗透通量）和选择性（PhACs截留率）。尽管超滤膜的截留分子量（1000和10000道尔顿）比PhACs的分子量（253 - 482道尔顿）高得多，但仍观察到适度的截留率。对于超滤，截留率取决于PhACs的分子量和电荷、膜的截留分子量（MWCO）以及操作压力，这表明静电相互作用在PhACs的去除中起重要作用，尤其是在低操作压力下。另一方面，两种纳滤膜对所有研究的PhACs都表现出高截留率（75 - 98%）。因此，考虑到最佳操作条件，NF270膜（MWCO = 400道尔顿）表现出最佳性能，在8巴压力下实现了约100 kg h m的渗透通量和高于80%的截留率，即产率约为NF90膜（MWCO = 200道尔顿）的两倍。因此，NF270是最适合该应用的膜，尽管在低操作压力下紧密的超滤膜也显示出令人满意的结果。
