Wu Yan, Zhao Shuting, Zheng Peihe, Liu Hanlu, Qu Zhengyi, Hou Wei, Yuan Weitao, Feng Tao, Zhan Xiaofeng, Shen Jinlong, Wang Kaiying
Innovation Center for Feeding and Utilization of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Research Center for Microbial Feed Engineering of Special Animals in Jilin Province, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin City, China.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Mar 13;15:1344905. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1344905. eCollection 2024.
American ginseng residue is an industrial by-product of ginseng saponin extraction, including polysaccharides and amino acids; however, it is often discarded into the natural environment, representing a waste of resources as well as an environmental issue. In this study, we examined the effects of adding American ginseng residue to the basal diet of sika deer. Twelve antler-bearing male sika deer were assigned randomly to groups fed a diet supplemented with 0% (CON), 1% (LGR), and 3% (HGR) American ginseng residue, respectively, ( = 4 per group) for 5 weeks. Supplementation with 3% American ginseng residue significantly increased antler production and feed utilization efficiency in antler-bearing sika deer ( < 0.05). There were no significant differences in serum biochemical indexes among the three groups, but serum immunoglobulin A and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly increased in the LGR and HGR groups ( < 0.05). Supplementation with American ginseng residue affected rumen fermentation in sika deer, significantly increasing the rumen contents of acetic acid, propionic acid, and total volatile fatty acids, and decreasing rumen fluid pH ( < 0.05), but had no significant effect on microbial protein or ammoniacal nitrogen content. American ginseng residue also affected the rumen bacterial composition, with significant up-regulation of Bacteroidota abundance in the HGR group, significant increases in Fibrobacterota and abundance in the LGR group, and a significant decrease in . Supplementation with ginseng residue had no significant effect on volatile fatty acids in the feces of sika deer, but did affect the composition of fecal bacteria, with significant decreases in Desulfobacterota and in the HGR group, and a significant increase in in the LGR group ( < 0.05). In addition, the abundance of in the feces decreased linearly with increasing concentration of ginseng residue, with a significant difference among the groups ( < 0.05). This study comprehensively evaluated the effects of American ginseng residue as a potential feed additive on the production performance and gastrointestinal bacterial community in antler-bearing sika deer. The results indicated that ginseng residue was a suitable feed additive for improving production performance and health in sika deer.
西洋参残渣是人参皂苷提取的工业副产品，含有多糖和氨基酸；然而，它常常被丢弃到自然环境中，这既造成资源浪费，也是一个环境问题。在本研究中，我们研究了在梅花鹿基础日粮中添加西洋参残渣的效果。将12只生茸雄性梅花鹿随机分为三组，分别饲喂添加0%（CON）、1%（LGR）和3%（HGR）西洋参残渣的日粮（每组n = 4），为期5周。添加3%西洋参残渣显著提高了生茸梅花鹿的鹿茸产量和饲料利用效率（P < 0.05）。三组之间血清生化指标无显著差异，但LGR组和HGR组的血清免疫球蛋白A和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平显著升高（P < 0.05）。添加西洋参残渣影响梅花鹿瘤胃发酵，显著增加瘤胃中乙酸、丙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸的含量，并降低瘤胃液pH值（P < 0.05），但对微生物蛋白或氨态氮含量无显著影响。西洋参残渣还影响瘤胃细菌组成，HGR组拟杆菌门丰度显著上调，LGR组纤维杆菌门和[某菌门名称未给出]丰度显著增加，[某菌门名称未给出]显著减少。添加人参残渣对梅花鹿粪便中的挥发性脂肪酸无显著影响，但影响粪便细菌组成，HGR组脱硫杆菌门和[某菌门名称未给出]显著减少，LGR组[某菌门名称未给出]显著增加（P < 0.05）。此外，粪便中[某菌门名称未给出]的丰度随人参残渣浓度增加呈线性下降，各组间差异显著（P < 0.05）。本研究全面评估了西洋参残渣作为潜在饲料添加剂对生茸梅花鹿生产性能和胃肠道细菌群落的影响。结果表明，人参残渣是提高梅花鹿生产性能和健康状况的合适饲料添加剂。
