Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland.
Statistical Analysis Center, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.
Nutrients. 2023 Aug 10;15(16):3524. doi: 10.3390/nu15163524.
The aim of the study was to analyze the association between dietary patterns (DP) identified in the group of Lower Silesia (Poland) inhabitants and the prevalence of selected noncommunicable diseases, such as total cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hypertension, diabetes, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), visceral obesity, and excessive body weight. This study involved 2023 subjects aged 35-70 years, from Wroclaw and surrounding villages. The assessment of food intake in the study group was assessed using the standardized Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns were identified using the principal components analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation. Three dietary patterns were identified in the study group: unhealthy, healthy, and traditional. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, IFG, and visceral obesity decreased across the quartiles of healthy DP. Prevalence of IFG increased across the quartiles of unhealthy DP, but the prevalence of hypertension decreased. When the diet was more adherent to the traditional DP the prevalence of CVD, diabetes, IFG, visceral obesity, obesity, and being overweight was higher. DP abundant in fruits, vegetables, seeds, nuts, raisins, and unrefined grains, named "healthy dietary pattern", had a beneficial association with lower prevalence of selected noncommunicable diseases. DP abundant in meat products, but poor in fruits and vegetables were positively associated with higher prevalence of total CVD, diabetes, IFG, excessive body weight, and visceral obesity.
本研究旨在分析波兰下西里西亚地区居民的饮食模式（DP）与某些非传染性疾病（如总心血管疾病（CVD）、高血压、糖尿病、空腹血糖受损（IFG）、内脏肥胖和超重）的患病率之间的关联。该研究共纳入 2023 名年龄在 35-70 岁之间的来自弗罗茨瓦夫及其周边村庄的居民。采用标准化食物频率问卷评估研究组的食物摄入量。采用主成分分析（PCA）和方差极大旋转法识别饮食模式。在研究组中确定了三种饮食模式：不健康、健康和传统。随着健康 DP 四分位数的增加，高血压、糖尿病、IFG 和内脏肥胖的患病率降低。随着不健康 DP 四分位数的增加，IFG 的患病率增加，但高血压的患病率降低。当饮食更符合传统 DP 时，CVD、糖尿病、IFG、内脏肥胖、肥胖和超重的患病率更高。富含水果、蔬菜、种子、坚果、葡萄干和未精制谷物的 DP，被命名为“健康饮食模式”，与某些非传染性疾病患病率降低呈正相关。富含肉类产品但缺乏水果和蔬菜的 DP 与总 CVD、糖尿病、IFG、超重和内脏肥胖的患病率升高呈正相关。
