Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
Diet, Microbiota and Health Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
Nutrients. 2023 Aug 11;15(16):3537. doi: 10.3390/nu15163537.
Non-communicable diseases are particularly prevalent among low-income individuals and are associated with the consumption of processed foods, fat, and sugars. This work aims to evaluate the impacts of a nutrition education intervention for low socio-economic individuals on sensory perception, health-related parameters and gut microbiota. Twenty low-income adults underwent a 4-week intervention. Dietary information (three 24 h recalls), detection thresholds and discrimination scores (salty and sweet), and severity of depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II)) were collected. Fecal microbial composition and short chain fatty acids were determined by 16S ribosomal RNA-gene sequencing and gas chromatography, respectively. After the intervention, 35% of subjects presented higher compliance with dietary recommendations, increased consumption of vegetables and lignans and reduced consumption of processed meats and nitrosamines, together with depleted levels of Actinomycetota. Higher discrimination for salty and sweet and lower BDI-II scores were also obtained. This nutrition education intervention entailed changes in dietary intake towards healthier food options, reduced potentially carcinogenic compounds and improved scores for discrimination and severity of depressive symptoms. The confirmation of these results in future studies would enable the design of strategic policies contributing to the optimal nutrition of materially deprived families through affordable healthy plant-based interventions.
非传染性疾病在低收入人群中尤为普遍，与加工食品、脂肪和糖的摄入有关。本研究旨在评估针对社会经济地位较低的个体进行营养教育干预对感官感知、与健康相关的参数和肠道微生物群的影响。20 名低收入成年人接受了为期 4 周的干预。收集了饮食信息（三份 24 小时回顾）、检测阈值和辨别分数（咸和甜）以及抑郁症状严重程度（贝克抑郁量表-II（BDI-II））。通过 16S 核糖体 RNA 基因测序和气相色谱分别确定粪便微生物组成和短链脂肪酸。干预后，35%的受试者对饮食建议的依从性更高，蔬菜和木脂素的摄入量增加，加工肉类和亚硝胺的摄入量减少，放线菌门的水平降低。对咸和甜的辨别能力提高，BDI-II 评分降低。这种营养教育干预涉及饮食摄入向更健康的食物选择的改变，减少了潜在的致癌化合物，并改善了辨别和抑郁症状严重程度的评分。在未来的研究中确认这些结果将使我们能够设计出战略政策，通过负担得起的健康植物性干预措施，为物质匮乏的家庭提供最佳营养。
