Vidarium-Nutrition, Health and Wellness Research Center, Grupo Empresarial Nutresa, Calle 8 sur #50-67, Medellin 050023, Colombia.
Max Planck Tandem Group in Computational Biology, Research Group in Computational Biology and Microbial Ecology (BCEM), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 #18-10, Bogota 111711, Colombia.
Nutrients. 2020 Sep 25;12(10):2938. doi: 10.3390/nu12102938.
Diet plays an important role in shaping gut microbiota. However, much remains to be learned regarding this association. We analyzed dietary intake and gut microbiota in a community-dwelling cohort of 441 Colombians. Diet quality, intake of food groups and nutrient consumption were paired with microbial diversity and composition using linear regressions, Procrustes analyses and a random-forest machine-learning algorithm. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders, including the five cities from where the participants originated, sex (male, female), age group (18-40 and 41-62 years), BMI (lean, overweight, obese) and socioeconomic status. Microbial diversity was higher in individuals with increased intake of nutrients obtained from plant-food sources, whereas the intake of food groups and nutrients correlated with microbiota structure. Random-forest regressions identified microbial communities associated with different diet components. Two remarkable results confirmed previous expectations regarding the link between diet and microbiota: communities composed of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers were more prevalent in the microbiota of individuals consuming diets rich in fiber and plant-food sources, such as fruits, vegetables and beans. In contrast, an inflammatory microbiota composed of bile-tolerant and putrefactive microorganisms along with opportunistic pathogens thrived in individuals consuming diets enriched in animal-food sources and of low quality, i.e., enriched in ultraprocessed foods and depleted in dietary fiber. This study expands our understanding of the relationship between dietary intake and gut microbiota. We provide evidence that diet is strongly associated with the gut microbial community and highlight generalizable connections between them.
饮食在塑造肠道微生物群方面起着重要作用。然而，关于这种关联，仍有许多需要了解。我们分析了 441 名哥伦比亚社区居民的饮食摄入和肠道微生物群。使用线性回归、普罗克鲁斯分析和随机森林机器学习算法，将饮食质量、食物组的摄入和营养素的消耗与微生物多样性和组成进行配对。分析调整了潜在的混杂因素，包括参与者来自的五个城市、性别（男性、女性）、年龄组（18-40 岁和 41-62 岁）、BMI（瘦、超重、肥胖）和社会经济地位。从植物性食物来源获得的营养素摄入增加的个体微生物多样性较高，而食物组和营养素的摄入与微生物结构相关。随机森林回归确定了与不同饮食成分相关的微生物群落。两个显著的结果证实了先前关于饮食和微生物群之间联系的预期：富含纤维和植物性食物来源（如水果、蔬菜和豆类）的饮食与短链脂肪酸（SCFA）生产者组成的群落更普遍。相比之下，富含动物源性食物来源和低质量饮食（即富含超加工食品和膳食纤维不足）的饮食，会促进由耐胆汁和腐败微生物以及机会性病原体组成的炎症性微生物群落的生长。这项研究扩展了我们对饮食摄入与肠道微生物群之间关系的理解。我们提供了饮食与肠道微生物群落密切相关的证据，并强调了它们之间的普遍联系。
